本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國(guó)政府信息資源共享芻議，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

我國(guó)政府信息資源共享芻議

我國(guó)政府信息資源共享芻議

政府信息資源共享是公共管理領(lǐng)域的一個(gè)前沿課題。雖然作為一種新的管理理論，它尚未形成一個(gè)完整的體系；作為一項(xiàng)新的管理實(shí)踐，它仍處于日新月異的發(fā)展變化之中。但由于它在電子政府建設(shè)中所體現(xiàn)的現(xiàn)實(shí)價(jià)值，政府信息資源共享已經(jīng)成為IT界、管理學(xué)界以及經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)。本文主體上分六個(gè)部分進(jìn)行論述。第一部分闡釋了政府信息資源的涵義，明確了信息、信息資源和政府信息資源三者的關(guān)系，從共享的視角來(lái)理解政府信息資源的內(nèi)容、分類、來(lái)源和歸屬。從定義上看，政府信息資源作為信息資源的一個(gè)分支，主要是政府部門為履行職責(zé)而產(chǎn)生、獲取、利用、傳播、保存和負(fù)責(zé)處置的信息，是國(guó)家必不可少的資源，它在內(nèi)涵上要比信息、信息資源豐富；從內(nèi)容上看，它包含政府決策信息、為社會(huì)各界服務(wù)的信息、反饋信息及政府間交流信息四個(gè)方面。從分類上說(shuō)，主要從共享與保密角度將其歸納為兩大類，全社會(huì)共享的信息和內(nèi)部共享的信息。第二部分是對(duì)共享的涵義進(jìn)行剖析，資源共享是人類追求的美好理想，它體現(xiàn)了人們力求最大限度地利用政府信息資源的管理思想,并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出了資源共享要以政府信息公開(kāi)為前提條件，同時(shí)在共享過(guò)程中要遵循貢獻(xiàn)和防范兩大原則，既要無(wú)償?shù)呢暙I(xiàn)又要嚴(yán)密的防范才能達(dá)到合理、合法的共享。第三部分包括兩個(gè)方面內(nèi)容，一方面介紹了我國(guó)政府信息資源共享的近況，即：在技術(shù)和設(shè)備上已經(jīng)具備了基本條件，信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)也初步構(gòu)建完成，信息內(nèi)容數(shù)量龐大但開(kāi)發(fā)深度不夠，總體上看還只是處于初步發(fā)展階<WP=55>段。另一方面，以美國(guó)為例，介紹了國(guó)外政府信息資源發(fā)展情況，并在此基礎(chǔ)上提出通過(guò)對(duì)新生和現(xiàn)存政府信息資源的數(shù)字化、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化、商品化，再借助于現(xiàn)代化的信息傳輸技術(shù)，，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)資源共享是大勢(shì)所趨。第四部分對(duì)政府信息資源共享模式進(jìn)行研究，通過(guò)借鑒比利時(shí)政府的共享模式，從七個(gè)方面提出我國(guó)政府在資源共享中應(yīng)采取的對(duì)策：一、從政府信息管理體制角度看，要建立統(tǒng)一、有效的行政CIO管理體制，主要由行政CIO、全國(guó)政府信息協(xié)調(diào)委員會(huì)和政府信息機(jī)構(gòu)三級(jí)組織構(gòu)成，縱向上實(shí)行統(tǒng)一領(lǐng)導(dǎo)，橫向上要相互配合。二、從運(yùn)行機(jī)制看，要加快建立社會(huì)主義市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件下的政府信息資源運(yùn)行機(jī)制。首先，政府要轉(zhuǎn)變觀念，樹(shù)立以信息市場(chǎng)平等主體的身份參與信息交易活動(dòng)，推動(dòng)信息市場(chǎng)的健康發(fā)展；其次，政府信息機(jī)構(gòu)要轉(zhuǎn)變職能，將信息分為內(nèi)部信息和外部信息，不同種類的信息由不同部門來(lái)收集，外部信息能由市場(chǎng)收集的交由市場(chǎng)來(lái)完成，內(nèi)部信息要在部門間建立起通暢的內(nèi)部信息交換制度，實(shí)現(xiàn)政府內(nèi)部信息資源共享；最后，要大力扶持社會(huì)信息機(jī)構(gòu)和商業(yè)信息中心參與市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，以完善信息市場(chǎng)的發(fā)展。三、從信息內(nèi)容看，要不斷挖掘政府信息資源潛力，整合現(xiàn)有的信息資源，提供成熟的信息產(chǎn)品。主要是要建成一批國(guó)家級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化、國(guó)際化和大容量的公共信息庫(kù)；開(kāi)展政府信息資源的二次開(kāi)發(fā)利用；及時(shí)捕捉網(wǎng)絡(luò)信息和處理反饋信息；通過(guò)建立特色化政府信息資源和專題信息資源指引庫(kù)，加大對(duì)政府信息資源內(nèi)容的開(kāi)發(fā)利用。四、從法律法規(guī)制度上，要抓緊政府信息資源共享的立法工作，以保證政府信息資源安全、高效地開(kāi)發(fā)利用。目前主要制訂信息公開(kāi)法和計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)安全法，同時(shí)還要完善統(tǒng)計(jì)法。五、從技術(shù)平臺(tái)支持上看：其一，共享與保密平臺(tái)的設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)當(dāng)采用在物理上完全獨(dú)立的兩套系統(tǒng)，把<WP=56>面向公眾的服務(wù)系統(tǒng)和完全封閉的政府內(nèi)部使用系統(tǒng)應(yīng)當(dāng)完全隔離；其二，政府應(yīng)用系統(tǒng)要盡可能共享；最后要注意信息技術(shù)的規(guī)范和標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的管理。六、政府信息網(wǎng)絡(luò)建設(shè)方面亟須加快和完善，使政府部門的局域網(wǎng)與系統(tǒng)的廣域網(wǎng)和因特網(wǎng)互通，為信息資源共享提供縱橫交錯(cuò)、通暢的信息傳輸通道。七、從人員素質(zhì)看，人是實(shí)現(xiàn)政府信息資源共享的最終實(shí)踐者，要努力提高公務(wù)員的信息素質(zhì)，以推動(dòng)我國(guó)電子政務(wù)的發(fā)展。第五部分對(duì)我國(guó)政府信息資源共享的有利條件與不利因素進(jìn)行了淺析淺析，其有利方面在于豐富的信息內(nèi)容；現(xiàn)代化的處理手段；先進(jìn)的技術(shù)設(shè)備；便捷的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。不利方面在于公務(wù)員素質(zhì)有待提高；封建和等級(jí)觀念的限制；法律制度滯后；信息市場(chǎng)不健全；語(yǔ)言和信息庫(kù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不足；指導(dǎo)思想上和資金投入上重硬輕軟；行動(dòng)上缺少統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃；體制上的制約。通過(guò)對(duì)以上優(yōu)勢(shì)和劣勢(shì)的淺析淺析，促使我們?cè)谶M(jìn)行資源共享的建設(shè)中更有針對(duì)性地解決不足。第六部分闡述了在共享過(guò)程中要注意的兩大不足，即政府信息資源公開(kāi)的尺度和政府信息資源保護(hù)不足，只有合理的公開(kāi)與適度的保密相結(jié)合，才能促使政府信息資源共享活動(dòng)順暢、健全地向前發(fā)展。總之，我們知道政府信息資源共享是一項(xiàng)巨大而復(fù)雜的工程，不是一蹴而就的，在這項(xiàng)工程的建設(shè)中，高素質(zhì)而可靠的人員、先進(jìn)的信息技術(shù)和設(shè)備、充足的資金、完備的法律、快捷的網(wǎng)絡(luò)等都是必不可少的因素，只要這幾方面相互融合，信息資源共享一定會(huì)實(shí)現(xiàn)的。

【Abstract】 The sharing of government information resources is a new idea in public management field. As a new management theory and practice, it is still in developing and variation. Owing to its actual value in construction of electronics government, it is becoming the focus of people’s attention in all parts of the world. The thesis consists of six parts.Part 1 illuminates the definition of government information resources, which specify the relation among information, information resources and government information resources, understanding ownership, classification, source, content of government information resources from the point of sharing and the description of conception. Government information resources are essential for a country because they belong to information produced by government sectors, need using, transmitting, preserving and handling to perform their responsibility. As a branch of information resources, it is richer in content than in that of information and information resources. From the angle of the content, it contains government decision information , ordinary information among departments, feedback information and information of the current society, which is summed up into two kinds in the light of sharing and protecting：the sharing information of the whole society and the sharing information among different government departments.Part 2 discuses the connotation of the sharing. Resource sharing is the ideal view of human beings, which has embodied the management thought that people can make great effort to use government information resources, and on the basis of this assessment, a prerequisite condition is put forward, that is, opening information. At the same time, people will follow two principles of contribution and guard in the course of resource sharing, for complete sharing is based on free contribution and strict guard.Part 3 includes two kinds of content. On the one hand, it introduces the present sharing situation of the government information resources in our country. We have the basic condition in the aspect of technology and equipment. At the same time, information network is also founded preliminarily. There is a large quantity of <WP=58>information, but quality is not high. In general, our country is at its primary developing stage. On the other hand, the sharing condition of foreign government information resources such as America has attracted much attention, if the new and extant government information resources have passed through commercialization, network and the digitalization, and resources sharing must be finished under the aid of modern information transmission technology.Part 4 studies the sharing pattern of government information resources. Referring to the sharing pattern of Belgium government, many measures are taken on seven aspects. Firstly, according to government information management system, unified and effective management system of CIO will be set up, which is mainly composed of CIO, national government information coordinative committee and government information organization. They cooperate with one another and are led into union. Secondly, referring to operation mechanism, our country will quickly establish operation mechanism of the government information resources under the condition of socialist market economy: (a) Our government will form equal ideas in information market, participating in information trade and developing the healthy information market; (b) Government information organization will change the functions of the government, that is, different department collects different kinds of information. External information will be bought from market while internal information will be collected through the exchange system of internal information in order to realize the sharing among different departments; (c) Many social information organization and commercial information companies are supported to take part in market competition. Thirdly, in terms of the content of information, we will excavate the potential resource of government information