本文選題：政府 + 購買服務(wù)�。� 參考：《中國海洋大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：按照人口老齡化的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，我國在2000年就進(jìn)入了人口老齡化社會。隨著獨(dú)生子女的父母逐漸邁入老年，“4+2+1”家庭結(jié)構(gòu)使得傳統(tǒng)的家庭養(yǎng)老功能弱化，人口老齡化加速發(fā)展，老年人口基數(shù)大、增長快并日益呈現(xiàn)高齡化、空巢化趨勢，這些顯著的特點(diǎn)使得我國的養(yǎng)老現(xiàn)狀具有“中國特色”，并且已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)突出的社會問題，養(yǎng)老服務(wù)供需矛盾日益突出。 政府作為公共服務(wù)的提供者，通常是舉辦生產(chǎn)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的機(jī)構(gòu)，，再通過這些機(jī)構(gòu)向公眾提供服務(wù)。由于政府專業(yè)化、批量化程度有限，這種傳統(tǒng)的行政服務(wù)體制存在著存在投入大、效率低、周期長等缺陷。養(yǎng)老資源分配存在著嚴(yán)重的不平衡，政府興辦的很多公辦養(yǎng)老機(jī)構(gòu)條件優(yōu)越，卻只能滿足少數(shù)有錢人，普通百姓很難進(jìn)入，“住不起”、“等不起”、就近養(yǎng)老難等養(yǎng)老問題突出。當(dāng)社會上大部分老人尚未能頤養(yǎng)天年之際，我們期待政府更多的“雪中送炭”而非“錦上添花”。為解決社會養(yǎng)老問題，政府應(yīng)當(dāng)探索一種新的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)提供模式，來滿足日益增長的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)需求和多層次的要求。購買養(yǎng)老服務(wù)就是由政府提供資金或優(yōu)惠政策，如直接購買、免費(fèi)提供場地、減免相關(guān)稅費(fèi)、補(bǔ)貼、賦予資格等，由具備資質(zhì)的社會機(jī)構(gòu)和組織進(jìn)行服務(wù)的提供。這種方式實(shí)現(xiàn)了政府主導(dǎo)下養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的多元化供給，促進(jìn)了養(yǎng)老資源的優(yōu)化配置，能夠滿足不同層次養(yǎng)老服務(wù)需求。社會組織具有公益性和非營利性，服務(wù)更加專業(yè)化，在提供養(yǎng)老服務(wù)方面的優(yōu)勢突出，成為政府重要的合作伙伴。 近幾年，政府出臺了一系列政策鼓勵(lì)社會力量興辦養(yǎng)老服務(wù)機(jī)構(gòu)，各地政府也積極進(jìn)行探索和實(shí)踐，購買養(yǎng)老服務(wù)這一方式得到了發(fā)展，同時(shí)仍存在諸多問題，如資金投入不足、管理不規(guī)范、缺少評價(jià)和監(jiān)督等機(jī)制，提高資金的使用效率進(jìn)而提高養(yǎng)老服務(wù)質(zhì)量是關(guān)鍵問題。 本文擬從當(dāng)前老齡化形勢嚴(yán)峻下政府如何滿足養(yǎng)老需求為切入點(diǎn)，以新公共管理理論、新公共服務(wù)理論、治理理論等理論為基礎(chǔ)，結(jié)合服務(wù)型政府建設(shè)的要求，對政府購買養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的資金管理進(jìn)行深入研究，探索出政府購買養(yǎng)老服務(wù)資金管理的框架，提高政府資金使用效率，帶動(dòng)更多社會資金投入到公共服務(wù)領(lǐng)域。根據(jù)不同的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)需求對老年人群進(jìn)行分層，探索不同的購買養(yǎng)老服務(wù)模式。通過對案例進(jìn)行分析，并結(jié)合國內(nèi)外實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)，對政府購買服務(wù)的資金管理問題嘗試系統(tǒng)性研究，以資金使用的績效為導(dǎo)向，討論政府資金如何籌集、配置、控制、評價(jià)、監(jiān)督，為建立政府購買養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的資金管理長效機(jī)制提出設(shè)想，從而建立更加科學(xué)、規(guī)范、有效的政府購買養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系。
[Abstract]:According to the standard of population aging, our country entered the aging society in 2000. With the parents of the only child gradually stepping into old age, "421" family structure weakens the traditional family pension function, accelerates the development of the aging population, increases rapidly and presents the trend of empty nesting. These remarkable characteristics make the present situation of the aged in our country have the "Chinese characteristic", and have already become a prominent social problem, the contradiction between the supply and demand of the old-age service is becoming more and more prominent. Governments, as providers of public services, usually run institutions that produce pension services, through which they provide services to the public. Due to the specialization of the government and the limited degree of mass, the traditional administrative service system has some defects, such as large investment, low efficiency and long period. There is a serious imbalance in the distribution of endowment resources. Many of the public pension institutions set up by the government have favorable conditions, but they can only satisfy a small number of people with money. It is very difficult for ordinary people to enter, "can't afford to live," and "can't afford to wait." Pension problems such as pension difficulties in the vicinity are prominent. At a time when most elderly people in society are not yet able to survive, we expect the government to provide more "carbon in the snow" than "icing on the cake." In order to solve the problem of social old-age care, the government should explore a new mode of providing old-age services to meet the increasing demand for pension services and multi-level requirements. The purchase of old-age service is provided by the government to provide funds or preferential policies, such as direct purchase, free provision of space, exemption from related taxes, subsidies, qualifications, and so on, by qualified social institutions and organizations to provide services. This way realizes the diversified supply of pension services under the guidance of the government, promotes the optimal allocation of pension resources, and can meet the needs of different levels of pension services. The social organization has the public welfare and the non-profit, the service is more specialized, in provides the old-age service aspect superiority outstanding, becomes the government important cooperative partner. In recent years, the government has issued a series of policies to encourage social forces to set up old-age service institutions. Local governments have also actively explored and implemented the method of purchasing old-age care services. At the same time, there are still many problems. Such as insufficient investment, non-standard management, lack of evaluation and supervision mechanism, improve the efficiency of the use of funds and improve the quality of pension services are the key issues. Based on the new public management theory, the new public service theory, the governance theory and the requirements of the service-oriented government construction, this paper intends to start with the austere aging situation of the government how to meet the needs of the old-age care, and based on the new public management theory, the new public service theory and the governance theory. This paper makes a deep study on the fund management of the government purchasing pension service, explores the framework of the government to purchase the pension service fund management, improves the efficiency of the use of government funds, and drives more social funds into the field of public service. According to different needs of old-age services, the elderly are stratified to explore different modes of purchasing old-age services. By analyzing the case and combining the domestic and foreign experience, this paper tries to systematically study the fund management of the government purchase service, and discusses how to raise, allocate, control and evaluate the government funds, taking the performance of the use of the funds as the guide, to discuss how to raise, allocate, control and evaluate the government funds. Supervision, for the establishment of the government to purchase pension services long-term management mechanism of the assumption, so as to establish a more scientific, standardized, effective government purchase pension service system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：F812.45;D669.6

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