【摘要】：隨著社會對于石油、天然氣等能源需求的高速增長，石油作為不可再生的資源受到全球的高度重視。石油開采企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈部門對油田勘探開發(fā)、項目建造、日常生產(chǎn)等各項的平穩(wěn)運行起著關(guān)鍵性的作用。它還承擔(dān)著為企業(yè)生產(chǎn)建設(shè)提供所需物資、降低采購成本、避免大量資金占用等重要職能，同時對供應(yīng)鏈的管理中也存在很大的風(fēng)險。 供應(yīng)鏈風(fēng)險管理是在供應(yīng)鏈管理系統(tǒng)中，采取有效措施將風(fēng)險發(fā)生的可能性降到最低，并對風(fēng)險的來源、性質(zhì)和后果等進(jìn)行研究的過程。從全局角度來看，供應(yīng)鏈風(fēng)險管理是在有風(fēng)險的環(huán)境里對處于供應(yīng)鏈上的各方之間進(jìn)行協(xié)調(diào)，使用有效手段處理供應(yīng)鏈內(nèi)外由不確定因素引起的風(fēng)險事件，加強對供應(yīng)鏈成員企業(yè)之間的監(jiān)督和管理，并將風(fēng)險降至最低。供應(yīng)鏈風(fēng)險事件的發(fā)生通常會降低企業(yè)的運營效率、提高成本，甚至導(dǎo)致供應(yīng)鏈的斷裂。 本文從采購系統(tǒng)、生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)、銷售系統(tǒng)方面的風(fēng)險進(jìn)行分析并介紹管理方法，分析了石油開采企業(yè)供應(yīng)鏈結(jié)構(gòu)和關(guān)鍵環(huán)節(jié)的實施方式，針對風(fēng)險管理提出了識別方法及規(guī)避方法。列舉出供應(yīng)鏈管理面臨的風(fēng)險，包括合同風(fēng)險、安全風(fēng)險、價格風(fēng)險、溢油風(fēng)險、工藝風(fēng)險等諸多因素，逐個進(jìn)行分析。研究出合理的風(fēng)險識別方法和規(guī)避措施，，并利用AHP層次分析法將風(fēng)險因素逐一評估，通過計算風(fēng)險因素的權(quán)重進(jìn)行排序，最終得出對供應(yīng)鏈管理影響較大的因素。可以集中精力關(guān)注那些權(quán)重較大的風(fēng)險因素，嚴(yán)格控制風(fēng)險的發(fā)生。建立了供應(yīng)鏈一體化風(fēng)險監(jiān)控體系，對供應(yīng)鏈風(fēng)險進(jìn)行綜合監(jiān)控和分析。最后以C石油為例，介紹了公司的內(nèi)部環(huán)境和外部環(huán)境的現(xiàn)狀，深度剖析了公司可能存在的采購、生產(chǎn)、銷售系統(tǒng)供應(yīng)鏈風(fēng)險因素，并對于當(dāng)前C公司所面臨的供應(yīng)鏈風(fēng)險提出了規(guī)避和管理方法，提高公司供應(yīng)鏈管理的效率，為海上生產(chǎn)設(shè)施提供后勤保障，同時降低供應(yīng)鏈和物流的成本。
[Abstract]:With the rapid growth of the demand for oil, natural gas and other energy resources, oil as a non-renewable resource is highly valued around the world. Supply chain plays a key role in the smooth operation of oil exploration and development, project construction, daily production and so on. It also undertakes the important functions of providing the necessary materials for the production and construction of the enterprise, reducing the purchasing cost and avoiding a large amount of capital occupation. At the same time, it also has great risks to the management of the supply chain. Supply chain risk management (SCM) is a process in which effective measures are taken to minimize the possibility of risk, and the source, nature and consequences of risk are studied. From the overall perspective, supply chain risk management is to coordinate the parties in the supply chain in a risky environment, using effective means to deal with the risk events caused by uncertainties inside and outside the supply chain. Strengthen the supervision and management of supply chain member enterprises, and minimize the risk. The occurrence of supply chain risk events usually reduces the operation efficiency, increases the cost and even leads to the breakage of the supply chain. In this paper, the risk of purchasing system, production system and sales system is analyzed and the management method is introduced. The structure of supply chain and the implementation mode of key links are analyzed. Aiming at risk management, the identification method and evading method are put forward. The risk of supply chain management, including contract risk, safety risk, price risk, oil spill risk, process risk and so on, are listed and analyzed one by one. The reasonable risk identification method and evading measures are studied, and the risk factors are evaluated one by using AHP analytic hierarchy process, and the factors that have a great influence on supply chain management are obtained by calculating the weight of risk factors. Can concentrate on those heavy risk factors, strictly control the occurrence of risk. The integrated risk monitoring system of supply chain is established, and the risk of supply chain is comprehensively monitored and analyzed. Finally, taking C oil as an example, the paper introduces the present situation of the internal and external environment of the company, and deeply analyzes the possible risk factors of the supply chain in the purchasing, production and sales systems. It also puts forward some methods to avoid and manage the supply chain risk faced by company C, to improve the efficiency of supply chain management, to provide logistics support for offshore production facilities, and to reduce the cost of supply chain and logistics at the same time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F274;F426.22

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