【摘要】：能源是人類社會生存和發(fā)展的重要物質(zhì)基礎(chǔ),經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會的持續(xù)發(fā)展離不開安全可靠的能源供應(yīng)體系,也離不開高效、清潔、經(jīng)濟(jì)的能源利用。然而,隨著世界各國工業(yè)化進(jìn)程的加大,傳統(tǒng)能源的生產(chǎn)利用已出現(xiàn)一系列的問題,一是傳統(tǒng)能源的消耗為一次性消費(fèi),短時間內(nèi)能源不會再生,二是會導(dǎo)致環(huán)境污染,現(xiàn)在一些地方出現(xiàn)的季節(jié)性酸雨和全球性的變暖,都與之相關(guān)。因此,人類需要在能源問題上尋找到一條新的出路,減少污染排放,實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。太陽能是一種取之不盡用之不竭的新型能源,在國家政策的扶持下,近幾年光伏發(fā)電得到迅速的發(fā)展,寧夏光伏發(fā)電也有很快的發(fā)展。寧夏太陽能資源豐富,是我國太陽輻射的高能區(qū)之一。其地勢海拔高、日照時間長、輻射強(qiáng)度高、大氣透明度好,并具有直接輻射多、散射輻射少的特點(diǎn),對于太陽能開發(fā)利用十分有利。 截止2012年,寧夏已經(jīng)核準(zhǔn)開工建設(shè)的光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目910MW。這些光伏項(xiàng)目分部于寧夏各個地區(qū),以吳忠地區(qū)、石嘴山地區(qū)、中衛(wèi)地區(qū)較多,主要以35kV電壓等級接入寧夏電網(wǎng)。根據(jù)這些光伏項(xiàng)目按接入電網(wǎng)點(diǎn)的負(fù)荷特點(diǎn),可將其分為三類：接入高載能集中地區(qū)、接入風(fēng)電集中接入?yún)^(qū)、接入農(nóng)業(yè)負(fù)荷集中區(qū)。 本文以2015年寧夏電網(wǎng)為基礎(chǔ),對寧夏將建成和即將建成投運(yùn)的光伏項(xiàng)目和其接入系統(tǒng)方案展開研究,主要致力于對寧夏電網(wǎng)光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行經(jīng)濟(jì)評估,并對寧夏電網(wǎng)接入的光伏項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行整體環(huán)保評估。文中先利用財(cái)務(wù)評價方法對光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行個體項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)評估；其后,對不同類接入點(diǎn)的光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目進(jìn)行運(yùn)行效益評估；最后,通過研究2015年所有接入寧夏電網(wǎng)的光伏發(fā)電項(xiàng)目,進(jìn)行環(huán)保效益研究,即二氧化碳、二氧化硫、煙塵等的節(jié)能減排效應(yīng)。
[Abstract]:Energy is an important material basis for the survival and development of human society. The sustainable development of economy and society can not be separated from a safe and reliable energy supply system, but also from efficient, clean and economical energy utilization. However, with the increase of industrialization in the world, a series of problems have appeared in the production and utilization of traditional energy. One is that the consumption of traditional energy is a one-time consumption, the other is that the energy will not be regenerated in a short period of time, the other is that it will lead to environmental pollution. Seasonal acid rain and global warming are now associated in some places. Therefore, we need to find a new way to reduce pollution emissions and achieve sustainable development. Solar energy is an inexhaustible new energy source. With the support of national policies, photovoltaic power generation has developed rapidly in recent years, and so has Ningxia photovoltaic power generation. Ningxia is rich in solar energy and is one of the high energy areas of solar radiation in China. It has the characteristics of high elevation, long sunshine time, high radiation intensity, good transparency of atmosphere, high direct radiation and less scattering radiation, which is very beneficial to the development and utilization of solar energy. As of 2012, Ningxia has approved the construction of a photovoltaic project 910 MW. These photovoltaic projects are located in various regions of Ningxia, including Wu Zhong region, Shizuishan area and Zhongwei area. They are mainly connected to Ningxia power grid with 35kV voltage grade. According to the load characteristics of these photovoltaic projects, they can be divided into three categories: access to high-load energy concentration area, access to wind power centralized access area, access to agricultural load concentration area. Based on the Ningxia power grid in 2015, this paper studies the PV project and its access system scheme, which will be completed and will soon be completed and put into operation in Ningxia. It is mainly devoted to the economic evaluation of the photovoltaic power generation project in Ningxia power grid. And the whole environmental protection evaluation of the photovoltaic project connected to Ningxia power grid is carried out. Firstly, the financial evaluation method is used to evaluate the individual project economy of photovoltaic power generation project, and then, the operation benefit of photovoltaic power generation project with different access points is evaluated. Finally, by studying all the photovoltaic power generation projects connected to Ningxia power grid in 2015, the effects of environmental protection, such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, smoke and so on, on energy saving and emission reduction are studied.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F426.61;TM615

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