【摘要】：近年來，隨著“氣荒”的多次出現(xiàn)，“天然氣大幅漲價(jià)”的各種傳聞多次成為輿論的焦點(diǎn)。今年兩會(huì)報(bào)告中提及要在天然氣領(lǐng)域“全面實(shí)施天然氣價(jià)格改革”，發(fā)揮價(jià)格在資源配置中的基礎(chǔ)作用。天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制是否合理，必然影響天然氣資源配置及及其帶來的社會(huì)福利效果，研究天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制及其社會(huì)福利效應(yīng)就具有十分重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 天然氣作為耗竭性資源，具有不可再生性，由于其作為資源性商品的特性和普通商品不盡相同，因此，其定價(jià)機(jī)制也應(yīng)與一般商品存在差異。在我國，天然氣行業(yè)屬于自然壟斷行業(yè)，同時(shí)，天然氣生產(chǎn)、運(yùn)輸、銷售的行業(yè)屬性與不同的定價(jià)機(jī)制相結(jié)合對(duì)社會(huì)福利的影響也有所不同。 本文回顧了天然氣的國際、國內(nèi)定價(jià)方法和實(shí)踐，，并從產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈的角度刻畫天然氣價(jià)格。在此基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用國家統(tǒng)計(jì)局及相關(guān)油氣公司網(wǎng)站數(shù)據(jù)，計(jì)算了我國天然氣市場(chǎng)上主要三家油氣公司（中石油、中石化、中海油）的勒納指數(shù)，分析它們?cè)谖覈烊粴馐袌?chǎng)上的各自的市場(chǎng)勢(shì)力大小，進(jìn)而分析了天然氣銷售價(jià)格低于生產(chǎn)成本的“價(jià)格倒掛”，以及國產(chǎn)氣與進(jìn)口氣之間形成的“兩種價(jià)格”背后的原因，并據(jù)此構(gòu)建出反映兩類價(jià)格的模型。研究表明：天然氣價(jià)格上漲，社會(huì)福利的短期損失小于長(zhǎng)期，對(duì)進(jìn)口天然氣需求的影響小于對(duì)國產(chǎn)天然氣需求的影響。 通過本文研究，在定價(jià)方面的基本結(jié)論是：在定價(jià)機(jī)制上，一般情況下實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)福利最大的定價(jià)方式是邊際成本定價(jià)，而在天然氣領(lǐng)域里存在的眾多定價(jià)方式中，目前較為合適的定價(jià)方式是市場(chǎng)凈回值定價(jià)法。同時(shí)，階梯氣價(jià)也有可能得以推行。最后，本文針對(duì)我國天然氣定價(jià)機(jī)制和價(jià)格革分別提出了從產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈、政府、行業(yè)和企業(yè)四個(gè)層面的政策建議。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the emergence of "gas shortage", all kinds of rumors have become the focus of public opinion many times. This year's report of the two meetings referred to the "comprehensive implementation of natural gas price reform" in the field of natural gas and the basic role of the price in the allocation of resources. However, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the pricing mechanism of natural gas and its social welfare effect by the allocation of gas resources and its social welfare effects.
As an exhaustible resource, natural gas is not renewable. Because of its characteristics and common goods as a resource commodity, its pricing mechanism should also differ from the general commodity. In our country, the natural gas industry belongs to the natural monopoly industry, and the industry attributes of natural gas production, transportation and sales and different pricing machines. The combination of institutions has different effects on social welfare.
This paper reviews the international, domestic pricing methods and practices of natural gas, and describes the price of natural gas from the perspective of industrial chain. On this basis, the Lerner Index of the three major oil and gas companies (Sinopec, Sinopec and CNOOC) in China's natural gas market is calculated by using the National Statistics Bureau and the related oil and gas companies' website data. The size of the market forces in China's natural gas market, and then the analysis of the "price upside down" of the price of natural gas below the production cost and the reasons behind the "two kinds of prices" formed between domestic gas and imported gas, and to build a model for reflecting the two kinds of prices. The study shows that the price of natural gas is rising and social welfare is good. The short-term loss of profit is less than that of long term, and the impact on import natural gas demand is less than that of domestic natural gas demand.
In this paper, the basic conclusion of the pricing is that in the pricing mechanism, the most common way to achieve social welfare is marginal cost pricing, while in many of the pricing modes in the natural gas field, the current pricing method is the market net return pricing method. At the same time, the staircase gas price is also possible. Finally, in view of China's natural gas pricing mechanism and price competition, the paper puts forward four policy proposals from the industrial chain, government, industry and enterprises.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F426.22;F299.24;F224

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 丁浩;張星臣;何松彪;;基于二次分配復(fù)兩部制的天然氣管道運(yùn)輸定價(jià)[J];北京交通大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2006年06期

2 高建剛;;價(jià)格上限對(duì)市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)和社會(huì)福利的影響[J];重慶大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2009年06期

3 武盈盈;;資源性產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈條中利益分配問題研究——以天然氣資源為例[J];財(cái)貿(mào)研究;2009年02期

4 楊鳳玲;天然氣價(jià)格歧視研究[J];城市燃?xì)?2004年07期

5 楊波;唐小我;馬永開;;自然壟斷行業(yè)政府規(guī)制定價(jià)與效率分析[J];電子科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2006年04期

6 蘇素;公用事業(yè)間接管制定價(jià)[J];重慶大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2004年05期

7 胡奧林;國外天然氣價(jià)格與定價(jià)機(jī)制[J];國際石油經(jīng)濟(jì);2002年04期

8 華賁;;LNG產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈成本分析及定價(jià)策略[J];國際石油經(jīng)濟(jì);2007年03期

9 魏澤娥;陳剛;丁勝春;耿軍霞;;大規(guī)模定制產(chǎn)品的成本加成定價(jià)方法研究[J];黑龍江對(duì)外經(jīng)貿(mào);2007年02期

10 范秋芳,馬揚(yáng);價(jià)格管制對(duì)天然氣工業(yè)的影響及對(duì)策探析[J];價(jià)格理論與實(shí)踐;2003年09期

本文編號(hào)：2153694