本文關(guān)鍵詞： 跨國(guó)公司 產(chǎn)業(yè)集群 中國(guó)汽車　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：產(chǎn)業(yè)集群現(xiàn)象由來已久，國(guó)內(nèi)外研究者的研究重點(diǎn)一直放在中小企業(yè)集群上。然而，近些年來，隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化和區(qū)域一體化的發(fā)展，集群區(qū)域不再是封閉性的地方體系，跨國(guó)公司作為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)的重要組織者，是集群區(qū)域和外界聯(lián)系的紐帶。中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的形成和發(fā)展同樣與跨國(guó)公司的作用機(jī)制密不可分。跨國(guó)汽車公司以合資或獨(dú)資的方式參與到中國(guó)不同區(qū)位汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展中來，為汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)引入了大量的資本、人才、技術(shù)知識(shí)和管理經(jīng)驗(yàn)，帶動(dòng)了上下游企業(yè)的協(xié)同發(fā)展，促進(jìn)了產(chǎn)業(yè)規(guī)模、產(chǎn)品體系、市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局的優(yōu)化升級(jí)；同時(shí)，由于跨國(guó)公司的整體戰(zhàn)略是基于全球化的發(fā)展視角，有時(shí)會(huì)置中方利益于不顧，牢牢把控核心技術(shù)和市場(chǎng)，使中國(guó)汽車企業(yè)在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中處于不利地位。因此，中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群應(yīng)該正視跨國(guó)公司正反兩方面的影響，在積極引導(dǎo)跨國(guó)公司來華投資建廠、謀求合作共進(jìn)的同時(shí)，加強(qiáng)對(duì)引進(jìn)技術(shù)的消化吸收，在與跨國(guó)公司的合作與競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中占據(jù)主動(dòng)地位，走出一條適合自身良性發(fā)展的正確道路。 在借鑒了國(guó)內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究的基礎(chǔ)上，本文將理論問題和實(shí)際情況相結(jié)合，分為五個(gè)部分系統(tǒng)闡述了跨國(guó)公司對(duì)中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的影響機(jī)制。 第一部分是跨國(guó)公司對(duì)東道國(guó)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群影響的理論分析。作者從產(chǎn)業(yè)集群和跨國(guó)公司兩個(gè)角度來分析這種影響。一方面，對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群而言，產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的不同發(fā)展階段和不同類型呈現(xiàn)出不同特點(diǎn)，跨國(guó)公司的作用機(jī)制也有所不同；另一方面，對(duì)跨國(guó)公司而言，跨國(guó)公司所采取的戰(zhàn)略動(dòng)機(jī)和進(jìn)入方式的不同，同樣會(huì)對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群產(chǎn)生區(qū)別性的作用機(jī)制。這一部分的分析是后文探討實(shí)際問題的理論基礎(chǔ)。 第二部分是跨國(guó)公司對(duì)中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的進(jìn)入情況分析。首先是對(duì)中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀及特點(diǎn)的介紹，指出了中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的階段性和類型性特點(diǎn)；然后系統(tǒng)分析了跨國(guó)公司的進(jìn)入情況，總結(jié)出了跨國(guó)汽車公司在華的戰(zhàn)略動(dòng)機(jī)與進(jìn)入方式選擇。這一部分與上一部分的理論分析相互呼應(yīng)，為后文具體研究跨國(guó)公司對(duì)中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的影響機(jī)制提供了重要依據(jù)。 第三部分和第四部分是跨國(guó)公司對(duì)中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的影響情況分析。作者從正面影響、負(fù)面影響兩方面分別予以闡釋。第三部分從三個(gè)方面深入淺出地分析了跨國(guó)公司對(duì)中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的正面影響：一是跨國(guó)公司通過自身的示范帶動(dòng)作用，為中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的要素集聚和產(chǎn)業(yè)聯(lián)動(dòng)提供動(dòng)力；二是跨國(guó)公司發(fā)揮技術(shù)外溢作用，帶動(dòng)中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的技術(shù)進(jìn)步和科研能力的提高；三是跨國(guó)公司助力于產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整，提升了中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的規(guī)模效應(yīng)，完善了其產(chǎn)品結(jié)構(gòu)、車型體系并優(yōu)化了其市場(chǎng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)格局。接下來，第四部分列舉了跨國(guó)公司對(duì)中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的負(fù)面影響，一是跨國(guó)公司對(duì)核心技術(shù)的控制限制了中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的技術(shù)進(jìn)步；二是跨國(guó)公司對(duì)合資企業(yè)決策權(quán)的控制使中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群在合資企業(yè)中陷入被動(dòng)地位；三是跨國(guó)公司對(duì)汽車市場(chǎng)份額和利潤(rùn)的控制擠占了中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的發(fā)展空間。這兩部分的研究為下一部分中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的路徑選擇提供了有益的參考。 第五部分是結(jié)論和政策建議。作者首先總結(jié)全篇，然后對(duì)中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的發(fā)展給出了四個(gè)方面的建議：包括改善投資環(huán)境、按照產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的思路利用外資、加強(qiáng)汽車集團(tuán)的推動(dòng)作用以及提升自主研發(fā)能力和核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力。這一部分的研究為中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的發(fā)展提出了有針對(duì)性的方案，具有一定的指導(dǎo)意義。 本文的創(chuàng)新之處體現(xiàn)在：第一，引入跨國(guó)公司這個(gè)研究對(duì)象來分析產(chǎn)業(yè)集群?jiǎn)栴}，視角新穎；第二，從產(chǎn)業(yè)集群角度和跨國(guó)公司角度兩方面出發(fā)，分析跨國(guó)公司對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的影響，理論分析系統(tǒng)且全面；第三，理論與實(shí)踐相結(jié)合，根據(jù)中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群的具體情況，，有針對(duì)性地提出了中國(guó)汽車產(chǎn)業(yè)集群發(fā)展的政策建議，具有指導(dǎo)意義。 本文的不足之處體現(xiàn)在：第一，本文以定性分析為主，定量分析較少，對(duì)問題的研究不夠深入；第二，在運(yùn)用數(shù)據(jù)和資料分析實(shí)際問題時(shí)，由于條件有限，搜集的數(shù)據(jù)和資料不夠全面。
[Abstract]:Industrial cluster is a long-standing phenomenon, the research focus of domestic and foreign researchers have been placed in the cluster of small and medium enterprises. However, in recent years, with the development of economic globalization and regional integration, cluster region is no longer closed system, multinational companies as an important organizer of world economic activities, is the link of clusters and the outside world are inseparable. The mechanism of formation and development of China automobile industry cluster as transnational corporations. Multinational auto companies to joint ventures to participate in the development of automobile industry in China different location, the introduction of a large number of capital, for the automotive industry talent, technical knowledge and management experience, promote coordinated development of the upstream and downstream enterprises, promote the scale of the industry, product system, optimization and upgrading of the market competition pattern; at the same time, due to the overall strategy of transnational corporation is based on the globalization From the perspective of development, sometimes ignore China's interests, firmly in control of core technology and market, the China automobile enterprises at a disadvantage in the competition. Therefore, Chinese automobile industry cluster should face two effects of multinational companies and, in actively guide the investment of multinational companies in China and build factories, to seek cooperation together at the same time, to strengthen the absorption of the imported technologies, occupy the active position in the competition and cooperation with multinational corporations, find out a right way for its healthy development.
On the basis of related research both at home and abroad, this paper combines theory with practice and divides into five parts. It systematically expounds the influence mechanism of multinational corporations on China's automobile industry cluster.
The first part is the analysis on the influence of host industry cluster of multinational corporations. The author theory from two angles of industrial clusters and multinational corporations to analyze this effect. On the one hand, the industrial clusters, industrial clusters in different development stages and different types have different characteristics, the mechanism of multinational companies are different; the other for multinational companies, multinational corporations have taken Strategic Motives and entry modes are different, the same mechanism will produce the difference of industrial cluster analysis. This part is the theoretical foundation of practical problems.
The second part is the analysis of MNCs' entry to Chinese automobile industry. The first is the development status and characteristics of China automobile industry cluster introduction, pointed out the stages and types of characteristics of Chinese automobile industry cluster; then the systematic analysis of the entry of multinational companies, summed up the Strategic Motives of multinational auto companies in China and the entry mode. This part with the theoretical analysis on the part of the interaction, provides an important basis for the mechanism of the effect of the specific study of transnational corporations on China automobile industry cluster.
The third part and the fourth part is the analysis of MNCs' influences on China automobile industry cluster. From the positive influence, explain respectively two negative effects. The third part from three aspects analyzes the positive influence of transnational corporations on China automobile industry cluster: one is the multinational companies through the demonstration effect of the offer power for the agglomeration China automobile industry cluster and industry linkage; two transnational corporations play technologyspillover effect, promote technological progress and scientific research ability of Chinese automobile industry cluster to improve; three multinational corporations, help in the adjustment of industrial structure, enhance the scale effect of Chinese automobile industry cluster, improve the product structure, system models and optimize the market structure. Then, the fourth part lists the negative impact of transnational corporations on Chinese automobile industry cluster 鍝

本文編號(hào)：1467516