本文關鍵詞：環(huán)境約束下火電企業(yè)全要素能源效率研究　出處：《華北電力大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 火電企業(yè) 全要素能源效率 SBM方向距離函數(shù) 全要素能源效率變動指標 影響因素

【摘要】：電力工業(yè)作為國民經(jīng)濟的基礎產業(yè)和主要能源行業(yè)，在生產運營中要占用和消費大量能源，同時也是污染物排放的主要來源，因而成為我國節(jié)能降耗和污染減排的重點關注對象。火力發(fā)電企業(yè)作為電力生產的微觀主體，也是節(jié)能降耗、保護環(huán)境的主體，提高火電企業(yè)的能源效率對于實施電力行業(yè)乃至全國的節(jié)能減排具有重要意義。 為避免傳統(tǒng)以發(fā)電煤耗等單要素能源效率指標表征發(fā)電企業(yè)能源利用效率的缺陷，本文在全要素能源效率概念框架下，利用環(huán)境DEA技術和基于松弛變量的非徑向的SBM方向距離函數(shù)構建了考慮環(huán)境約束的火電企業(yè)全要素能源效率模型，對河北省13家大型火電企業(yè)2009-2011年的全要素能源效率及其成分進行了分析評價，，并在此基礎上利用面板數(shù)據(jù)模型對火電企業(yè)全要素能源效率的影響因素進行了實證研究。 結果表明：從靜態(tài)看，考慮環(huán)境約束的火電企業(yè)全要素能源效率值低于未考慮環(huán)境約束的情形，表明環(huán)境約束對火電企業(yè)造成了效率損失，但損失程度與企業(yè)自身的經(jīng)營狀況及環(huán)境保護意識有關；污染排放無效率是環(huán)境約束下火電企業(yè)能源效率低下的主要原因，火電企業(yè)減排壓力大于節(jié)能壓力；盡管各企業(yè)全要素能源效率變動存在差異，但總體呈下降趨勢，只不過下降幅度有所減小。從動態(tài)看，環(huán)境約束下火電企業(yè)全要素能源效率增長低于不考慮環(huán)境約束的情況，意味著火電企業(yè)在追求產值最大化和環(huán)境污染最小化雙重目標時，對后一目標的實現(xiàn)尚未取得突破性進展；進一步基于技術效率變動和技術進步角度的分解分析表明，環(huán)境約束下火電企業(yè)全要素能源效率增長是由技術進步推動的，而技術效率出現(xiàn)了退步，阻礙了火電企業(yè)全要素能源效率的增長�；谝貥嫵山嵌鹊姆纸獗砻鳎h(huán)境約束下火電企業(yè)全要素能源效率的提高主要來自于勞動力生產技術的提升，而能源使用效率和污染物排放治理效率則呈現(xiàn)負向增長，抑制了全要素能源效率的增長，成為制約全要素能源效率增長的瓶頸；在諸多影響能源效率的因素中，火電企業(yè)運營時間、機組役齡、產能利用率、環(huán)境治理強度、資本-勞動比和機組容量利用率對于環(huán)境約束下火電企業(yè)全要素能源效率有顯著的影響，只是影響方向和大小不同；機組容量利用率增長和滯后一期的能源無效率對火電企業(yè)全要素能源效率的長期增長也有顯著的促進作用。基于上述分析，提出了相關的政策建議。
[Abstract]:The electric power industry is the basic industry of the national economy and the main energy industry to occupy and consume a lot of energy in production and operation, and also is a major source of emissions of pollutants, and thus become the focus of China's energy saving and pollution reduction of thermal power enterprises as the object of attention. As the main micro power production, but also the main energy consumption, protect the environment the increase of thermal power enterprise energy efficiency has important significance for the implementation of the power industry and the national energy-saving emission reduction.
In order to avoid the traditional electric power generation single factor energy efficiency index to characterize the power enterprise energy efficiency defects, based on total factor energy efficiency concept framework, using DEA technology and environmental slack variables of non radial SBM directional distance function is constructed based on the environmental constraints of thermal power enterprises total factor energy efficiency model, analysis and evaluation in Hebei Province, 13 large thermal power enterprises 2009-2011 years of total factor energy efficiency and its components, impact on the total factor energy efficiency factors of thermal power enterprises based on Panel Data Model in the empirical research.
The results showed that: from a static perspective, consider the total factor energy efficiency of thermal power enterprise value is lower than the environment does not consider environmental constraints, environmental constraints that caused the loss of efficiency of thermal power enterprises, but the extent of the loss and the operation of enterprises and the awareness of environmental protection; pollution emission inefficiency is the main reason of thermal power enterprise energy efficiency environmental constraints, pressure reduction is greater than the pressure of energy saving in power enterprises; although the total factor energy efficiency of each enterprise changes are different, but the overall downward trend, but the decline has decreased. From the dynamic perspective, the environment under the constraint of total factor energy efficiency of thermal power enterprise growth than that without considering the environmental constraints, mean thermal power enterprises in the the pursuit of value maximization and minimal environmental pollution, to achieve a goal has not yet made a breakthrough in one step; Angle decomposition analysis of technical efficiency change and technological progress based on the environmental constraints of thermal power enterprises total factor energy efficiency growth is driven by technological progress, and technical efficiency has been backward, hindered the total factor energy efficiency of thermal power enterprise growth. The angle of the decomposition elements based on the improvement of total factor energy efficiency of power enterprises the environmental constraints mainly from the labor force and the improvement of production technology, energy efficiency and emission control efficiency showed negative growth, inhibit the growth of total factor energy efficiency become a bottleneck restricting the growth of total factor energy efficiency; in many factors of energy efficiency in the age of thermal power enterprises operating time, unit. Capacity utilization, environmental governance strength, capital labor ratio and unit capacity utilization rate for thermal power enterprises under environmental constraints of total factor energy efficiency is The significant impact is only on the direction and size. The energy inefficiency of unit capacity utilization and the lag one phase also has a significant role in promoting the long-term growth of total factor energy efficiency in thermal power enterprises. Based on the above analysis, relevant policy recommendations are put forward.

【學位授予單位】：華北電力大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F205;F426.61

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