本文關(guān)鍵詞：城市地震災(zāi)害應(yīng)急救援資源配置規(guī)劃研究　出處：《天津大學(xué)》2016年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：通過唐山、日本等地震災(zāi)害的實證研究,揭示應(yīng)急救援資源配置的基本規(guī)律,提出應(yīng)急救援要素系統(tǒng)、復(fù)合災(zāi)害、合理配置、“三救”及其接續(xù)性等基本概念。探討了地震災(zāi)害應(yīng)急救援資源的類別、數(shù)量的定量計算方法,物力資源的儲備方式與配置規(guī)劃,特別是針對應(yīng)急救災(zāi)資源流瓶頸及其產(chǎn)生原因與消除對策,災(zāi)害弱者與其救援資源配置規(guī)劃進(jìn)行深入研究�；趹�(yīng)急救援的實踐經(jīng)驗與教訓(xùn),創(chuàng)建了救援資源需求與滿足需求模型、信息—災(zāi)情—決策模型、合理配置模型以及綜合模型等配置模型。這些模型具有指揮功能、供需平衡與合理配置功能、重災(zāi)區(qū)定位與指向功能、決策依據(jù)功能等,從理性認(rèn)識的高度指導(dǎo)制定城市配置規(guī)劃。在此基礎(chǔ)上,提出應(yīng)急救援資源倉儲、企業(yè)商業(yè)部門與家庭儲備、城市群城市間協(xié)作儲備等多種有效配置途徑,有助于改變我國只有倉儲的單一儲備方式。通過研究應(yīng)急救援人力資源的救援功能、在災(zāi)區(qū)的部署,并以唐山地震為基準(zhǔn),創(chuàng)立支援災(zāi)區(qū)部隊、醫(yī)務(wù)人員人數(shù)及救援物資需求等定量計算方法,所需參數(shù)災(zāi)前已有或災(zāi)后短期可獲得,計算過程簡捷,可操作性強(qiáng),滿足應(yīng)急決策要求。城市不僅應(yīng)儲備應(yīng)急救援資源,還必須保障災(zāi)后運輸暢流,形成有“源”,有“流”且多“源”,暢“流”的儲、運、用完整形象,有效提高應(yīng)急救援的時效性。制定城市配置規(guī)劃必須特別關(guān)注災(zāi)害弱者,研究他們的主要特征、災(zāi)害應(yīng)激反應(yīng),提出相應(yīng)的救援措施�；谏鲜鲅芯�,結(jié)合唐山市城市地震災(zāi)害應(yīng)急救援資源配置規(guī)劃實證研究,提出城市地震災(zāi)害應(yīng)急救援資源配置規(guī)劃要點,該要點為抗震設(shè)防區(qū)域的城市制定配置規(guī)劃奠定基礎(chǔ),指明路向。其中應(yīng)急救援要素系統(tǒng)、配置模型、支援災(zāi)區(qū)人員數(shù)量的定量計算方法等是應(yīng)急救援資源領(lǐng)域創(chuàng)新性的研究成果。
[Abstract]:Through the empirical study of earthquake disasters such as Tangshan and Japan, this paper reveals the basic law of the allocation of emergency rescue resources, and puts forward the system of emergency rescue elements, composite disasters and rational allocation. The basic concepts of "three rescues" and their continuity are discussed in this paper. The types of emergency rescue resources for earthquake disasters, the quantitative calculation method of the quantity, the reserve mode and the allocation planning of the material resources are discussed. Especially, aiming at the bottleneck of emergency relief resource flow and its causes and elimination countermeasures, the weak of disaster and their rescue resource allocation planning are studied in depth. Based on the practical experience and lessons of emergency rescue. The models of resource demand and satisfaction, information disaster decision model, reasonable allocation model and comprehensive model are established. These models have command function, supply and demand balance and reasonable allocation function. The location and direction function of the disaster area, the decision basis function and so on, from the perspective of rational understanding, guide the formulation of urban configuration planning. On this basis, the emergency rescue resources storage, business sector and household reserves of enterprises are put forward. Various effective allocation ways such as cooperative reserve among cities in urban agglomeration can help to change the single storage mode of storage in China. Through the research of rescue function of emergency rescue human resources deployment in disaster areas. Based on the Tangshan earthquake, a quantitative calculation method was established to support the troops in the disaster area, the number of medical personnel and the demand for relief materials. The required parameters are available before or after the disaster, and the calculation process is simple and easy to operate. To meet the requirements of emergency decision-making, cities should not only reserve emergency rescue resources, but also ensure the smooth flow of transportation after the disaster, forming a "source", "flow" and more "sources", "flow", "flow" storage, transportation, and use of a complete image. It is necessary to pay special attention to the weak of the disaster, study their main characteristics, respond to the disaster stress, and put forward the corresponding rescue measures based on the above research. Based on the empirical study of urban earthquake disaster emergency rescue resource allocation planning in Tangshan City, the main points of urban earthquake disaster emergency rescue resource allocation planning are put forward. The key points lay the foundation for urban configuration planning in seismic fortification area, and point out the direction. Among them, emergency rescue element system, configuration model. The quantitative calculation method of supporting the number of people in the disaster area is an innovative research result in the field of emergency rescue resources.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：P315.9

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