本文選題：洱海流域 + 入湖河流��； 參考：《西安科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前洱海水質總體處于Ⅲ類,但存在惡化風險。為推動洱海的保護與治理,“十一五”和“十二五”期間分別在“水體污染控制與治理科技重大專項”中設置了“富營養(yǎng)化初期湖泊(洱海)水污染綜合防治技術及工程示范”及“洱海水污染防治、生境改善與綠色流域建設技術及工程示范項目”,開展洱海水污染治理與生態(tài)修復的技術研發(fā)和工程示范,通過近十年的研發(fā)與實踐,產出一批關鍵技術�；趯Ξa出的關鍵技術進行良好集成和推動后續(xù)科學應用的目的,“十二五”水專項設置了“水污染控制治理與管理技術集成與技術體系研究”課題,擬通過對不同流域產出關鍵技術的體系構建和績效評估形成適用的、可推廣應用的集成技術系統(tǒng)�；诖�,本文針對洱海流域入湖河流污染特征和治理技術需求,以洱海流域近十年來研發(fā)產出的關鍵技術為基礎,開展洱海流域入湖河流清水產流機制修復技術集成體系研究,初步設計并構建洱海流域入湖河流清水產流機制修復技術體系,并以技術適用性和技術成熟度指標對技術進行績效評估。主要的研究內容包括:(1)分析洱海入湖河流污染特征。解析洱海流域入湖河流污染物來源,入湖河流污染主要由于氮磷超標造成,面源是主要貢獻類型。(2)技術成果梳理與體系構建。通過收集水專項和地方政府產出的技術結合實地調研,按照技術分類方法、原則以及污染物全過程控制思想,初步將污染治理技術分為涵養(yǎng)林構建和水土流失防治類、污染源控制類、低污染水凈化類、河湖濱修復類、湖內修復類和管理調控類6類技術并構建技術體系。(3)評價典型污染源治理技術的技術適用性。處理水量小的分散式農村生活污水處理技術適用性較高的是人工濕地技術、接觸氧化土壤凈化槽技術,處理水量較大時適用性較高的是MBR膜處理技術;低污染水凈化技術適用性較好的是河道旁路處理濕地技術和農田廢水凈化濕地技術;濕地工藝處理效果要優(yōu)于多塘處理系統(tǒng)。(4)初步評估了技術成熟度。污水處理廠、陸地水土保持植被修復、城鎮(zhèn)地表徑流凈化、農村分散生活污水處理、農村戶用污水處理、河道低污染水凈化、內源治理技術以減少系統(tǒng)風險為研究任務;種植結構調整、農村分散生活養(yǎng)殖混合污水處理、農田面源凈化、湖濱帶及湖內生態(tài)修復技術和決策支撐技術以減少技術風險提高技術合理性為研究任務。
[Abstract]:At present, the water quality of Erhai Lake is generally in Class III, but there is a risk of deterioration. In order to promote the protection and governance of Erhai Lake, During the 11th Five-Year Plan and the 12th Five-Year Plan, respectively, "Integrated water pollution control technology and engineering demonstration" and "water pollution prevention and control in Erhai Lake" were set up in the "Great Scientific and technological Project for Water pollution Control and Control". Habitat improvement and Green Watershed Construction Technology and Engineering demonstration Project ", R & D and engineering demonstration of water pollution control and ecological restoration in Erhai Lake were carried out, and a number of key technologies were produced through R & D and practice in the past ten years. Based on the good integration of the key technologies of the output and the purpose of promoting the subsequent scientific application, the "12th Five-Year Plan" water special set up "Water pollution Control and Management Technology Integration and Technical system Research". The system construction and performance evaluation of key technologies in different river basins are proposed to form a suitable integrated technology system which can be popularized and applied. Based on this, this paper aims at the pollution characteristics and control technology requirements of rivers entering lake in Erhai River Basin, and based on the key technologies of research and development and output in Erhai River Basin in the past ten years, the integrated technology system of restoration mechanism of clean water flow into lake rivers in Erhai Lake Basin is carried out. The restoration technology system of clean water production mechanism was designed and constructed in Erhai Lake Basin, and the technical performance was evaluated by the technical applicability and technical maturity index. The main research contents include: (1) analyzing the pollution characteristics of Erhai River entering Lake Erhai. The source of pollutants in lake-entering rivers in Erhai basin is analyzed. The pollution of rivers into lakes is mainly caused by the excess of nitrogen and phosphorus, and the non-surface source is the main contribution type. Through collecting water special and local government output technology combined with field investigation, according to the technology classification method, principle and the whole process control thought of pollutants, the pollution control technology is divided into conservation forest construction and soil erosion control. Pollution source control, low pollution water purification, river-lake restoration, in-lake remediation and management control are six types of technologies. The technical system is constructed to evaluate the technical applicability of typical pollution source treatment technology. The technology of decentralized rural domestic sewage treatment with small amount of water treatment is more suitable for artificial wetland technology, contact oxidation soil purification tank technology, and MBR membrane treatment technology is higher when the amount of water treatment is larger. Low pollution water purification technology is more suitable for river bypass treatment wetland technology and farmland wastewater purification wetland technology, the effect of wetland process treatment is better than multi-pond treatment system. 4) the technical maturity is preliminarily evaluated. Sewage treatment plant, land soil and water conservation vegetation restoration, urban surface runoff purification, rural scattered domestic sewage treatment, rural household sewage treatment, river low pollution water purification, endogenous management technology to reduce the system risk as the research task; The research task is to adjust the planting structure, to treat the mixed sewage from scattered farming in rural areas, to purify the farmland non-point source, to improve the technical rationality by reducing the technical risk, and to improve the technical rationality by the techniques of ecological restoration and decision support in lakeside zone and lake.
【學位授予單位】：西安科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：X52

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