【摘要】：商業(yè)銀行資本結(jié)構(gòu)是商業(yè)銀行在殘酷的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中生存、發(fā)展、壯大的基礎(chǔ),它的好壞直接關(guān)系到銀行本身抵御風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的能力。商業(yè)銀行資本結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化問題,一直是理論界與實(shí)務(wù)界的熱門研究課題。從監(jiān)管視角上來看,在《商業(yè)銀行資本管理辦法》出臺(tái)以后,商業(yè)銀行資本結(jié)構(gòu)有了一定變化,而這種變化正賦予了研究“商業(yè)銀行資本結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化”這一問題新的意義。本文選取了占據(jù)我國(guó)銀行業(yè)金融機(jī)構(gòu)六成資產(chǎn)的16家上市商業(yè)銀行作為研究對(duì)象,在《商業(yè)銀行資本管理辦法》這一最新的資本監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)施的背景下,研究我國(guó)上市銀行資本結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化問題。首先,本文將我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行的發(fā)展劃分為三個(gè)階段并分析資本結(jié)構(gòu)在各個(gè)階段所表現(xiàn)出的特點(diǎn)。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著時(shí)間的推移,我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行資本充足水平逐步提高、資本結(jié)構(gòu)逐步趨于合理化。其次,在新資本監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的背景下,本文從資本充足水平、一級(jí)資本結(jié)構(gòu)以及二級(jí)資本結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)方面對(duì)我國(guó)上市商業(yè)銀行資本結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在資本充足水平方面,所有上市銀行均符合目前監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但考慮到不合格二級(jí)資本工具退出問題,商業(yè)銀行有一定二級(jí)資本補(bǔ)充壓力;在一級(jí)資本結(jié)構(gòu)方面,我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行一級(jí)資本占據(jù)了總資本的絕大多數(shù)比例,大型商業(yè)銀行普遍來說股權(quán)高度集中,并且近7成的商業(yè)銀行為國(guó)有控股;在二級(jí)資本結(jié)構(gòu)方面,我國(guó)上市銀行二級(jí)資本占比相對(duì)較低,二級(jí)資本工具相對(duì)匱乏,符合新資本監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的二級(jí)資本工具幾乎為零。除此之外,本文以資產(chǎn)增速、盈利能力、傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)占比、銀行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、資本水平指數(shù)以及外部融資行為為自變量,通過面板數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行回歸,分析其對(duì)商業(yè)銀行資本結(jié)構(gòu)的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,資產(chǎn)增速、盈利能力、傳統(tǒng)業(yè)務(wù)占比、資本水平指數(shù)以及外源性融資對(duì)資本充足率均有顯著影響,分別呈現(xiàn)出負(fù)相關(guān)、正相關(guān)、正相關(guān)、負(fù)相關(guān)、正相關(guān)關(guān)系;不良貸款率對(duì)資本充足率影響不顯著。最后,基于前文研究發(fā)現(xiàn)的問題,本文從資本充足水平、一級(jí)資本結(jié)構(gòu)以及二級(jí)資本結(jié)構(gòu)三個(gè)方面,對(duì)我國(guó)商業(yè)銀行提出了幾點(diǎn)資本結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化建議。
[Abstract]:The capital structure of commercial banks is the basis of survival, development and growth of commercial banks in the cruel competition. Its quality is directly related to the ability of the banks to resist risks. The optimization of capital structure of commercial banks has always been a hot research topic in theory and practice. From the perspective of supervision, the capital structure of commercial banks has changed after the introduction of Capital Management measures of Commercial Banks, which has given new significance to the study of "Capital structure Optimization of Commercial Banks". This paper selects 16 listed commercial banks, which occupy 60% of the assets of the banking financial institutions in China, as the research object. Under the background of the implementation of the latest capital supervision standard, the measures for Capital Management of Commercial Banks, This paper studies the capital structure optimization of listed banks in China. Firstly, this paper divides the development of Chinese commercial banks into three stages and analyzes the characteristics of capital structure in each stage. It is found that with the passage of time, the capital adequacy level of commercial banks in China gradually increases and the capital structure tends to be rationalized. Secondly, under the background of the new capital supervision standard, this paper analyzes the present situation of capital structure of listed commercial banks in China from three aspects: capital adequacy level, first class capital structure and second class capital structure. The study found that all listed banks meet the current regulatory standards in terms of capital adequacy, but considering the withdrawal of unqualified second-tier capital instruments, commercial banks have a certain pressure to replenish second-tier capital; In the aspect of Tier 1 capital structure, Chinese commercial banks' Tier 1 capital accounts for the vast majority of the total capital. Large commercial banks generally have a high concentration of equity, and nearly 70% of the commercial banks are state-owned. In the aspect of the secondary capital structure, the proportion of the secondary capital in the listed banks in China is relatively low, and the second-level capital instruments are relatively scarce, and the second-class capital instruments that accord with the new capital supervision standard are almost zero. In addition, this paper takes asset growth rate, profitability, traditional business ratio, bank risk, capital level index and external financing behavior as independent variables, and analyzes its influence on the capital structure of commercial banks through panel data. The results show that asset growth, profitability, the proportion of traditional business, capital level index and exogenous financing have significant effects on capital adequacy ratio, showing negative correlation, positive correlation, negative correlation and positive correlation respectively. The influence of non-performing loan ratio on capital adequacy ratio is not significant. Finally, based on the problems found in the previous study, this paper puts forward some suggestions for the optimization of capital structure of Chinese commercial banks from three aspects: capital adequacy level, first class capital structure and second class capital structure.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：F832.33

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