后危機(jī)時代美國金融監(jiān)管體制改革趨勢及對我國的啟示
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-14 11:22
【摘要】：金融在現(xiàn)代經(jīng)濟(jì)中處于核心地位,而金融業(yè)在經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中的角色也至關(guān)重要。然而,金融在促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的同時,還帶來了各種金融風(fēng)險。因此,如何建立有效金融監(jiān)管體系并有效地防范金融風(fēng)險就成為了世界各國面臨的共同課題。在經(jīng)歷過2007年的次貸危機(jī)之后,主流觀點認(rèn)為,崇尚自由市場經(jīng)濟(jì)的美國當(dāng)局對復(fù)雜衍生品的金融創(chuàng)新缺乏金融監(jiān)管和監(jiān)管制度缺陷是此次金融危機(jī)爆發(fā)的主要原因。加強(qiáng)金融監(jiān)管以應(yīng)對金融危機(jī)已成為全球的共識。 縱觀世界金融發(fā)展歷程,它即是一部危機(jī)史,也是一部金融監(jiān)管制度的變革史。以美國為例,1864年的《國民銀行法》誕生于美國自由銀行時期的銀行倒閉潮,同時1929年大危機(jī)后出現(xiàn)的《1933年銀行法》即《格拉斯——斯蒂格爾法案》成為了強(qiáng)化美國分業(yè)監(jiān)管的標(biāo)桿,而2010年7月的《多得——庫蘭克華爾街改革和消費者保護(hù)法案》無疑也將成為美國乃至全世界金融監(jiān)管體制改革進(jìn)程中的一座里程碑。毋庸置疑的是,美國歷次金融監(jiān)管體制改革都對世界經(jīng)濟(jì)和金融制度的革新都起到不可估量的作用,更有學(xué)者將美國金融監(jiān)管體制改革稱為世界金融監(jiān)管體制的范本。 作為次貸危機(jī)的發(fā)源地,美國原金融監(jiān)管體制存在著諸如缺乏統(tǒng)一監(jiān)管,無法防范系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險,監(jiān)管重疊,監(jiān)管效率低下等問題,如何使美國金融監(jiān)管體制順應(yīng)時代的發(fā)展,如何改善現(xiàn)有金融監(jiān)管體系,成了美國新一輪監(jiān)管改革的首要任務(wù)。美國新一輪監(jiān)管體制改革主要體現(xiàn)了以下五個核心：一是設(shè)立系統(tǒng)性風(fēng)險監(jiān)管部門,二是減小道德風(fēng)險,三是調(diào)整監(jiān)管權(quán)力結(jié)構(gòu)對金融企業(yè)實施審慎性監(jiān)管,四是設(shè)立嚴(yán)格交易規(guī)則,五是完善投資者保護(hù)體系,六是加強(qiáng)政府高層對金融監(jiān)管的介入。此次金融改革的趨勢,對我國有極大的研究價值,具體表現(xiàn)為：首先加強(qiáng)宏觀審慎監(jiān)管,其次加強(qiáng)金融消費者保護(hù),最后,提倡目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向監(jiān)管。 在全球性的金融危機(jī)和經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條國際背景下,中國在“多米諾骨牌”效應(yīng)下也難以獨善其身,特別是尚未成熟的金融體系和相對滯后的金融監(jiān)管體制建設(shè),將面臨巨大的困難與挑戰(zhàn)。我國有必要借鑒美國金融監(jiān)管的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn),總結(jié)金融監(jiān)管體制改革趨勢,把握金融監(jiān)管體制改革方向,結(jié)合本國的實際情況,對我國金融監(jiān)管體制進(jìn)行有目的的改造：重視審慎性風(fēng)險監(jiān)管,逐漸轉(zhuǎn)變金融監(jiān)管理念；轉(zhuǎn)變現(xiàn)行分業(yè)監(jiān)管模式,實現(xiàn)向不完全統(tǒng)一監(jiān)管過渡；建立金融消費者保護(hù)專屬機(jī)構(gòu),保護(hù)中小投資者利益；加強(qiáng)國際金融監(jiān)管交流與合作等。只有把握好金融監(jiān)管模式的發(fā)展趨勢,我國金融監(jiān)管機(jī)構(gòu)才能跳出“固有思維”,才能成功構(gòu)建適合中國國情的金融監(jiān)管體制。
[Abstract]:Finance is at the core of modern economy, and the role of finance in economic development is also very important. However, finance in promoting economic development, but also brought a variety of financial risks. Therefore, how to establish an effective financial supervision system and effectively guard against financial risks has become a common issue facing all countries in the world. After the subprime mortgage crisis in 2007, the mainstream view is that the lack of financial regulation and regulatory system defects in the financial innovation of complex derivatives by the U.S. authorities who advocate free market economy is the main reason for the outbreak of the financial crisis. Strengthening financial supervision to deal with the financial crisis has become a global consensus. Throughout the world financial development, it is not only a crisis history, but also a financial regulatory system reform history. In the United States, for example, the National Banking Act of 1864 was born out of a wave of bank failures during the free banking period in the United States. At the same time, the 1923 Banking Act, known as the Grass-Steagall Act, which emerged after the Great crisis of 1929, became a benchmark for strengthening the regulation of separation in the United States. And the Dodge-Kurank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of July 2010 will undoubtedly be a milestone in the reform of the financial regulatory system in the United States and around the world. There is no doubt that every financial regulatory system reform in the United States has played an inestimable role in the innovation of the world economy and financial system, and some scholars have called the reform of the American financial supervision system the model of the world financial regulatory system. As the origin of the subprime mortgage crisis, the original financial supervision system of the United States has problems such as the lack of unified supervision, the inability to prevent systemic risks, the overlapping of supervision, the low efficiency of supervision, and so on. How to make the financial supervision system of the United States conform to the development of the times? How to improve the existing financial regulatory system has become the first task of the new round of regulatory reform in the United States. The new round of regulatory system reform in the United States mainly embodies the following five core points: first, the establishment of a regulatory department for systemic risk; second, the reduction of moral hazard; and third, the adjustment of the regulatory power structure to exercise prudential supervision over financial enterprises. The fourth is to set up strict trading rules, the fifth is to perfect the investor protection system, and the sixth is to strengthen the involvement of the top government in financial supervision. The trend of this financial reform is of great value to our country, which is shown as follows: first, strengthening macro-prudential supervision; secondly, strengthening financial consumer protection; finally, advocating goal-oriented supervision. In the international context of the global financial crisis and the Great Depression, it is difficult for China to get away from the "domino" effect, especially the immature financial system and the relatively lagging financial regulatory system. Will face enormous difficulties and challenges. It is necessary for our country to draw lessons from the experience of American financial supervision, sum up the trend of financial supervision system reform, grasp the direction of financial supervision system reform, and combine the actual situation of our country. To reform the financial supervision system purposefully: pay attention to prudential risk supervision, gradually change the concept of financial supervision, change the current mode of separate supervision, realize the transition to incomplete supervision, establish financial consumer protection exclusive organization, To protect the interests of small and medium-sized investors; to strengthen international financial regulatory exchanges and cooperation. Only if we grasp the development trend of financial supervision mode, can our financial supervision institutions jump out of the "inherent thinking" and successfully construct a financial supervision system suitable for China's national conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.1
本文編號：2270306
[Abstract]:Finance is at the core of modern economy, and the role of finance in economic development is also very important. However, finance in promoting economic development, but also brought a variety of financial risks. Therefore, how to establish an effective financial supervision system and effectively guard against financial risks has become a common issue facing all countries in the world. After the subprime mortgage crisis in 2007, the mainstream view is that the lack of financial regulation and regulatory system defects in the financial innovation of complex derivatives by the U.S. authorities who advocate free market economy is the main reason for the outbreak of the financial crisis. Strengthening financial supervision to deal with the financial crisis has become a global consensus. Throughout the world financial development, it is not only a crisis history, but also a financial regulatory system reform history. In the United States, for example, the National Banking Act of 1864 was born out of a wave of bank failures during the free banking period in the United States. At the same time, the 1923 Banking Act, known as the Grass-Steagall Act, which emerged after the Great crisis of 1929, became a benchmark for strengthening the regulation of separation in the United States. And the Dodge-Kurank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act of July 2010 will undoubtedly be a milestone in the reform of the financial regulatory system in the United States and around the world. There is no doubt that every financial regulatory system reform in the United States has played an inestimable role in the innovation of the world economy and financial system, and some scholars have called the reform of the American financial supervision system the model of the world financial regulatory system. As the origin of the subprime mortgage crisis, the original financial supervision system of the United States has problems such as the lack of unified supervision, the inability to prevent systemic risks, the overlapping of supervision, the low efficiency of supervision, and so on. How to make the financial supervision system of the United States conform to the development of the times? How to improve the existing financial regulatory system has become the first task of the new round of regulatory reform in the United States. The new round of regulatory system reform in the United States mainly embodies the following five core points: first, the establishment of a regulatory department for systemic risk; second, the reduction of moral hazard; and third, the adjustment of the regulatory power structure to exercise prudential supervision over financial enterprises. The fourth is to set up strict trading rules, the fifth is to perfect the investor protection system, and the sixth is to strengthen the involvement of the top government in financial supervision. The trend of this financial reform is of great value to our country, which is shown as follows: first, strengthening macro-prudential supervision; secondly, strengthening financial consumer protection; finally, advocating goal-oriented supervision. In the international context of the global financial crisis and the Great Depression, it is difficult for China to get away from the "domino" effect, especially the immature financial system and the relatively lagging financial regulatory system. Will face enormous difficulties and challenges. It is necessary for our country to draw lessons from the experience of American financial supervision, sum up the trend of financial supervision system reform, grasp the direction of financial supervision system reform, and combine the actual situation of our country. To reform the financial supervision system purposefully: pay attention to prudential risk supervision, gradually change the concept of financial supervision, change the current mode of separate supervision, realize the transition to incomplete supervision, establish financial consumer protection exclusive organization, To protect the interests of small and medium-sized investors; to strengthen international financial regulatory exchanges and cooperation. Only if we grasp the development trend of financial supervision mode, can our financial supervision institutions jump out of the "inherent thinking" and successfully construct a financial supervision system suitable for China's national conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：鄭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.1
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