發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-11 13:10

【摘要】：中國改革開放以來，伴隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)的高速發(fā)展的同時(shí)諸多問題也得以顯現(xiàn)，特別是環(huán)境污染問題也變得越來越嚴(yán)重。目前的中國環(huán)境質(zhì)量問題下降迅速，污染問題突出，總體上看污染物排放量很大，其中2010年工業(yè)廢水的排放量達(dá)到了209.03億萬噸，工業(yè)廢氣（主要指二氧化硫）的排放量達(dá)到了1694.06萬噸，固體廢棄物排放量約為20.394億萬噸。產(chǎn)生環(huán)境污染的原因很多，現(xiàn)在很多人認(rèn)為，中國的環(huán)境污染主要是由外商投資造成的。國內(nèi)很多學(xué)者認(rèn)為，發(fā)達(dá)國家對(duì)環(huán)境管制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)提高會(huì)增加地方企業(yè)的生產(chǎn)成本，促進(jìn)了污染型產(chǎn)業(yè)向環(huán)境管制標(biāo)準(zhǔn)較低的國家或者地區(qū)轉(zhuǎn)移。作為發(fā)展中國家中國，我國的環(huán)境標(biāo)準(zhǔn)較為寬松，排污成本較低，治理成本較高，所以污染密集型產(chǎn)業(yè)被轉(zhuǎn)移到了中國。但也有另外的觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，中國的環(huán)境污染問題不是由FDI造成的，而是由中國轉(zhuǎn)型期特定的增長模式造成的。如果沒有FDI，而是單純的依賴國內(nèi)投資，中國經(jīng)濟(jì)要達(dá)到既定的增長水平，所要支付的環(huán)境代價(jià)可能更大。本文的研究是想要弄清楚兩個(gè)問題：（1）FDI與國內(nèi)投資對(duì)中國環(huán)境污染的影響分別有多大，中國的環(huán)境污染問題是否是FDI造成的。（2）中國在轉(zhuǎn)型期為什么要選擇犧牲環(huán)境換取增長的發(fā)展模式，其背后的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力是什么?本文先對(duì)FDI和國內(nèi)投資對(duì)中國環(huán)境污染影響進(jìn)行了檢驗(yàn)，結(jié)果表明外商直接投資與我國的環(huán)境污染是呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系，國內(nèi)投資與我國的環(huán)境污染也是呈正相關(guān)關(guān)系，但是后者的大于前者的相關(guān)性，也就是說，國內(nèi)投資對(duì)我國的環(huán)境污染的影響程度是大于外商直接投資對(duì)我國環(huán)境污染的影響程度。中國的污染是由其特定的增長模式所決定的。接下來，本文從政治制度角度分析了中國選擇污染型發(fā)展模式的內(nèi)在動(dòng)力。中國在特殊的政治集權(quán)經(jīng)濟(jì)分權(quán)模式下，地方官員有強(qiáng)烈的激勵(lì)通過GDP競(jìng)賽來獲得晉升機(jī)會(huì)。地方官員不僅會(huì)大力發(fā)展招商引資，吸引FDI，而且還會(huì)努力增加國內(nèi)投資，以促進(jìn)本轄區(qū)內(nèi)的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長，獲取更多的晉升機(jī)會(huì)。本文發(fā)現(xiàn)，晉升激勵(lì)機(jī)制下，官員更偏向于國內(nèi)投資。因?yàn)橄啾容^外商直接投資，國內(nèi)投資見效更快，因?yàn)檩爡^(qū)要進(jìn)行招商引資手續(xù)繁瑣，審批手續(xù)復(fù)雜、過程較長。官員迫切希望通過GDP的政績來獲取晉升機(jī)會(huì)，因此會(huì)更愿意選擇污染重且發(fā)展快的項(xiàng)目，而不愿意對(duì)環(huán)境進(jìn)行長期投資。 全文共分為五個(gè)部分，文章的第一部分：導(dǎo)論部分。主要闡述了本文所研究內(nèi)容的意義，論文的研究方法與基本思路，最后是本文的創(chuàng)新觀點(diǎn)和不足之處。 第二部分：文獻(xiàn)綜述部分。包括：（1）（2）主要對(duì)本文將要進(jìn)行的研究從不同方面進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)綜述，在對(duì)FDI與環(huán)境污染方面則分為兩種截然相反的觀點(diǎn)進(jìn)行綜述；接下來對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長與環(huán)境污染關(guān)系的文獻(xiàn)綜述；而對(duì)于官員的晉升激勵(lì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長方面的文獻(xiàn)綜述就從晉升激勵(lì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、官員晉升激勵(lì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長模式、晉升激勵(lì)與環(huán)境污染關(guān)系三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行文獻(xiàn)綜述。 第三部分：本部分主要闡述了FDI、晉升激勵(lì)與環(huán)境污染的一般分析。這個(gè)部分重要從三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行分析。第一，主要介紹目前我國的外商直接投資的基本情況；第二，我國官員的晉升激勵(lì)狀況，分析我國目前官員晉升現(xiàn)狀以及晉升激勵(lì)與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長；第三，環(huán)境污染的現(xiàn)狀，從工業(yè)廢水、工業(yè)廢氣以及固體廢棄物排放情況；第四，分析了晉升激勵(lì)與環(huán)境污染的關(guān)系。 第四部分：這個(gè)部分關(guān)于FDI、國內(nèi)投資與環(huán)境污染的實(shí)證研究。首先，本章對(duì)FDI、國內(nèi)投資與環(huán)境污染的模型設(shè)定；其次，對(duì)FDI、國內(nèi)投資與晉升激勵(lì)進(jìn)行實(shí)證分析；最后得出結(jié)論。 第五部分：這個(gè)部分就是再利用對(duì)前面模型設(shè)定的基礎(chǔ)上，對(duì)FDI、國內(nèi)投資與晉升激勵(lì)的進(jìn)行實(shí)證研究。首先是對(duì)FDI與官員晉升激勵(lì)的模型假設(shè)和實(shí)證分析；接著是國內(nèi)投資與官員晉升激勵(lì)的模型分析和實(shí)證分析；最后，得出結(jié)論。 第六部分：本部分是在以上兩個(gè)章節(jié)的分析基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)官員晉升激勵(lì)與環(huán)境污染的模型假定以及進(jìn)行的實(shí)證分析；最后得出結(jié)論以及啟示。
[Abstract]:Since China's reform and opening up, many problems accompanying the high-speed development of the economy have also emerged, especially the problem of environmental pollution has become more and more serious. At present, China's environmental quality has declined rapidly and the pollution problem is outstanding. Generally speaking, the discharge amount of industrial waste water in 2010 reaches 209. 03 million tons, and the discharge amount of industrial waste gas (mainly sulfur dioxide) reaches 169.4 million tons. The volume of solid waste is about 29.4 billion tons. Many people believe that China's environmental pollution is mainly caused by foreign investment. Many domestic scholars believe that the improvement of environmental control standards by developed countries will increase the production cost of local enterprises and promote the transfer of polluting industries to countries or regions with lower environmental control standards. As a developing country, China's environmental standards are looser, the pollution discharge cost is low, and the treatment cost is high, so the pollution-intensive industry has been transferred to China. But there is another point of view that China's environmental pollution is not caused by FDI, but is caused by China's transition-specific growth model. Without FDI, instead of relying solely on domestic investment, the cost of the environment to be paid may be greater than the established growth level of the Chinese economy. The purpose of this paper is to find out two problems: (1) the impact of FDI and domestic investment on China's environmental pollution is much larger, and whether China's environmental pollution is caused by FDI. (2) Why should China choose the sacrifice environment for growth model in the transformation period, what is the intrinsic motivation behind it? In this paper, the effects of FDI and domestic investment on China's environmental pollution are tested. The results show that foreign direct investment is positively related to environmental pollution in China, and domestic investment is positively related to environmental pollution in China, but the latter is greater than that of the former. In other words, the impact of domestic investment on China's environmental pollution is greater than that of foreign direct investment in China's environmental pollution. China's pollution is determined by its specific growth model. Next, this paper analyzes the intrinsic motivation of China's choice of pollution-type development mode from the point of view of political system. In China's special political and centralized economic decentralization model, local officials have a strong incentive to get promotion opportunities through GDP contests. Local officials will not only vigorously develop investment attraction, attract FDI, but also strive to increase domestic investment to promote economic growth in the region and obtain more opportunities for promotion. This paper finds that under the promotion incentive mechanism, officials are more inclined to domestic investment. Because of the comparison of foreign direct investment, domestic investment takes effect more quickly, because the jurisdiction area to carry on the investment attraction formalities is complicated, the examination and approval formalities are complicated, and the process is long. Officials hope to get promotion opportunities through GDP, and will be more willing to choose polluting and fast-growing projects rather than long-term investment in the environment. The full text is divided into five parts, the first part of the article: Introduction This paper mainly expounds the significance of the content in this paper, the research methods and basic ideas of the thesis, and finally, the innovation viewpoint and the deficiency of this paper. Part II: Document Abstract: (1) (1) (2) The paper reviews the studies to be carried out in this paper from different aspects, and is divided into two diametrically opposed views on FDI and environmental pollution; then, the relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution is discussed. The review of literature in terms of promotion motivation and economic growth for officials is viewed from three aspects: promotion motivation and economic growth, promotion of official promotion and economic growth model, promotion motivation and environmental pollution. The third part: This part mainly expounds FDI, promotion motivation and ring. General analysis of environmental pollution. This part is important from The first part mainly introduces the basic situation of foreign direct investment in our country; secondly, the promotion motivation of Chinese officials, analyzes the current status of promotion and promotion and economic growth of current officials in our country; third, environmental pollution. Status quo, discharge of industrial waste water, industrial waste gas and solid waste; fourth, analysis of promotion incentive The fourth part: This part deals with FDI and domestic investment. Firstly, this chapter sets up the model of FDI, domestic investment and environmental pollution; secondly, it carries out incentive for FDI, domestic investment and promotion. An empirical analysis; finally, the conclusion is drawn. Part five: This part is to re-use the model set up on the basis of FDI and domestic An empirical study on the motivation of investment and promotion. Firstly, it is a model hypothesis and an empirical analysis of the promotion motivation of FDI and officials, followed by the model points of domestic investment and the promotion of officials' promotion. The sixth part: This part is based on the analysis of the above two chapters, on the basis of the analysis of the above two chapters, the model assumption of the incentive and environmental pollution of the official promotion and the intake
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D630;F832.6;F205;F224

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