本文關(guān)鍵詞：FDI與東道國貧困減少的理論與實(shí)證研究　出處：《重慶大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： FDI 貧困減少 信號(hào)甄別模型 福利效應(yīng) 區(qū)域差異

【摘要】：隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化進(jìn)程的不斷深入，外國直接投資（FDI）在世界經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展中扮演著越來越重要的角色。關(guān)于外國直接投資（FDI）對(duì)東道國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的影響研究曾幾度成為國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界關(guān)注的熱點(diǎn)話題。從外國直接投資（FDI）形成的原因到外國直接投資（FDI）對(duì)東道國的各種溢出效應(yīng)的研究，這些都為國際經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)帶來了巨大發(fā)展，也為世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化和全球化奠定了深厚的理論基礎(chǔ)。 盡管世界經(jīng)濟(jì)經(jīng)歷了長期的平穩(wěn)增長，然而，貧窮問題仍是當(dāng)今世界最尖銳的社會(huì)問題之一。它不僅阻礙社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展，同時(shí)也是造成社會(huì)不穩(wěn)定的最大因素之一。消除貧困，解決每個(gè)人的溫飽問題，已經(jīng)成為各國政府的首要任務(wù)和重要職責(zé)。早在2000年，聯(lián)合國就在《千年發(fā)展目標(biāo)宣言》（Millennium DevelopmentGoals Declaration，MDGD）中將“促進(jìn)人類發(fā)展和顯著減少貧困”作為發(fā)展中國家截止到2015年的階段性目標(biāo)。 盡管外國直接投資（FDI）的出現(xiàn)已長達(dá)半個(gè)多世紀(jì)，并且對(duì)發(fā)展中國家的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長有著巨大的促進(jìn)作用（這一觀點(diǎn)直到現(xiàn)在仍存有爭議），然而直到本世紀(jì)初，關(guān)于FDI的研究大多仍集中于FDI對(duì)東道國工資水平、技術(shù)溢出等方面的研究，F(xiàn)DI與東道國貧困變化之間關(guān)系的研究仍不為大多數(shù)學(xué)者所關(guān)注。進(jìn)入本新世紀(jì)后，各國政府都將消除貧困放在了本國社會(huì)發(fā)展的首要位置，F(xiàn)DI與東道國貧困問題之間的關(guān)系也受到了國際相關(guān)機(jī)構(gòu)、經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)者和各國政府的普遍關(guān)注。基于中國是利用外資最大的發(fā)展中國家和擁有絕對(duì)數(shù)量龐大的貧困人口這兩個(gè)現(xiàn)實(shí)情況，，本研究結(jié)合中國的實(shí)際情況就FDI對(duì)中國不同層面和區(qū)域的貧困變化之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了研究。之后，本研究結(jié)合FDI的不同類型對(duì)FDI與東道國福利之間的關(guān)系進(jìn)行了理論分析，并結(jié)合流入中國不同產(chǎn)業(yè)的FDI數(shù)據(jù)，對(duì)這一關(guān)系進(jìn)行了實(shí)證研究。經(jīng)過對(duì)上述觀點(diǎn)的探究，本研究主要得出以下幾個(gè)結(jié)論： ①FDI對(duì)我國貧困減少有著顯著的影響作用，且具有很強(qiáng)的非線性特征；另外，不同層面的FDI相同流入速度對(duì)貧困減少的影響程度亦有不同，顯示出FDI貧困減少效應(yīng)的“層面依賴性”； FDI的減貧效應(yīng)在1990——1995年間，對(duì)于三個(gè)層面的貧困減少都有高區(qū)制的減貧效應(yīng)。之后，城鎮(zhèn)地區(qū)和全國總體而言，F(xiàn)DI的減貧機(jī)制大都處于低區(qū)制內(nèi)。就農(nóng)村層面來說，F(xiàn)DI在該層面的減貧效應(yīng)“門檻”較低，這可能與我國貧困主體廣泛分布于農(nóng)村地區(qū)有關(guān)。 ②流入中國三大區(qū)域間的FDI對(duì)緩解三大區(qū)域的貧困狀況有顯著的正向積極作用，即FDI的減貧效應(yīng)在我國三大區(qū)域間不存在“質(zhì)”的差異。但FDI的減貧效應(yīng)在我國東、中、西部地區(qū)卻存在“量”的不同。人均FDI的變化比例（也可理解為人均FDI對(duì)貧困指數(shù)的偏彈性）對(duì)我國東部地區(qū)的貧困指數(shù)變動(dòng)影響為-0.19左右，對(duì)西部地區(qū)貧困指數(shù)的影響為-0.17左右，而對(duì)中部地區(qū)的影響最小降低至-0.15左右。 ③造成FDI的貧困減少效應(yīng)存在區(qū)域差異的原因主要受到區(qū)域開放程度、區(qū)域內(nèi)部的GINI系數(shù)以及區(qū)域科技水平等因素的影響，且這些因素影響作用的大小隨著區(qū)域間經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展變化呈現(xiàn)出動(dòng)態(tài)變化。以2003年為分界點(diǎn)，區(qū)域開放程度和區(qū)域內(nèi)部的GINI系數(shù)對(duì)FDI貧困減少效應(yīng)的溢出出現(xiàn)了交叉分化。2003年前，區(qū)域開放程度一直是影響FDI貧困減少效應(yīng)溢出的最大因素，而區(qū)域內(nèi)部的GINI系數(shù)的影響作用則次之；2003年后，區(qū)域內(nèi)部的GINI系數(shù)成為了影響FDI貧困減少效應(yīng)溢出的最主要因素，區(qū)域開放程度則成為第二大因素。在區(qū)域開放程度、區(qū)域內(nèi)部的GINI系數(shù)和區(qū)域科技水平三個(gè)因素當(dāng)中，區(qū)域科技水平在整個(gè)考察區(qū)間對(duì)FDI貧困減少效應(yīng)的溢出影響都是最小因素，但其影響作用卻一直處于上升趨勢。 ④外資企業(yè)和合資企業(yè)等FDI企業(yè)作為東道國的引資“代理人”會(huì)依據(jù)東道國政府對(duì)不同類型FDI的偏好而進(jìn)行“傾向性”引資。當(dāng)東道國政府為了更多的引進(jìn)外資給與政策優(yōu)惠時(shí)，不同類型的FDI都有進(jìn)入東道國投資的沖動(dòng)，東道國政府不同的優(yōu)惠政策會(huì)帶來不同的福利影響，并且對(duì)所有外資的“超國民待遇”越大，反而越有可能損害本國的整體福利。
[Abstract]:With the development of economic globalization, foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an increasingly important role in the development of the world economy. On foreign direct investment (FDI) impact on the economic development of the host country had a couple of words become a hot concern of the international economics. From the foreign direct investment (FDI) causes to foreign direct investment (FDI) on spillover effect to the host country, which brought great development for international economics, has laid a solid theoretical basis for the integration of the world economy and globalization.
Although the world economy has experienced a steady growth in the long term, however, the problem of poverty is still one of the social problems of the world's most incisive. It not only hinder economic and social development, is also one of the biggest factors causing social instability. To eliminate poverty, solve everyone's problems of food and clothing, has become the primary task of governments and important responsibilities. As early as 2000, the United Nations Declaration of development goals in the Millennium "(Millennium DevelopmentGoals Declaration, MDGD)," the promotion of human development and reduce poverty "as developing countries by the end of 2015 milestones.
Although foreign direct investment (FDI) has more than half a century, and the economic growth in developing countries has a huge role in promoting (this view until now is still controversial), however, until the beginning of this century, the researches on FDI are still concentrated in the east of FDI road in the wage level, the research on technology spillover so, study on the relationship between FDI and the changes of poverty of the host country is still not as most scholars. Entering the new century, governments will eliminate poverty is put in the first place of the development of the society, the FDI and the host country of poverty and the relationship between the relevant international organizations have also been widespread concern, economists and governments all over the world. Based on the China is the largest developing country and the use of foreign capital has a huge number of absolute poverty population in the two reality, this study combined with the actual situation of the FDI in Chinese The relationship between the changes of poverty in different levels and regions were studied. Then, this study combined with FDI of different types of relationship between FDI and the welfare of host country is analyzed, and combining FDI data into different industries China, the relationship between the empirical research. Through the research on the above ideas, this the research mainly draws the following conclusions:
FDI has a significant influence on China's poverty reduction, and has strong nonlinear characteristics; in addition, different levels of the same FDI inflow velocity impact on poverty reduction are different, showing the FDI poverty reduction effect "level of dependence; poverty reduction effect of FDI should be 1990 - 1995 for three years, the level of poverty reduction has high poverty reducing effects of system. After that, urban areas and the overall poverty reduction mechanism, FDI is mostly in low district system. The rural level, the level of FDI in the poverty reduction effect of" threshold "is relatively low, which may be related to poverty in China the subject is widely distributed in rural areas.
The China flows between the three regions of FDI to alleviate the poverty situation of three regions have a positive effect, namely FDI poverty reduction effect does not exist "quality" of the differences between the three regions in our country. But the poverty reducing effects of FDI in East China, in the "quantity", but there the different western regions. The percentage change in per capita FDI (also can be understood as the per capita FDI of poverty index elasticity) impact on poverty index changes in the eastern region of China is about -0.19 and the impact on poverty index in western area is about -0.17, and the influence on the central region of the minimum is reduced to about -0.15.
The causes of the poverty reduction effect of FDI is mainly affected by the regional differences of regional opening degree, regional factors within the GINI coefficient and the regional science and technology level, and these factors influence the size with the change and development of regional economic show dynamic changes. The cut-off point in 2003, the GINI coefficient and the degree of opening area within the region to reduce the effects of the overflow of FDI poverty appear cross differentiation.2003 years ago, the regional opening degree has been the biggest impact factors of spillover effects of FDI poverty reduction, GINI coefficient and intra regional influence is secondary; after 2003, GINI coefficient within the region has become the main influencing factors of the spillover. FDI poverty reduction, regional openness has become the second major factors in regional opening degree, GINI coefficient of intra regional and regional science and technology level of the three factors, district The impact of the domain technology level on the spillover effect of the FDI poverty reduction effect is the smallest factor, but its effect has been on the rise.
The foreign enterprises and joint ventures and other FDI companies as the host country investment "agent" will be "tendentious" on the basis of the host government investment preferences for different types of FDI. When the host government for more foreign investment to give preferential policies, different types of FDI have entered the host country investment impulse, the host government different preferential the policy will bring different welfare effects, and super national treatment to all foreign "bigger, but more likely to damage their overall welfare.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：F224;F831.6;F113.9

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李成剛;嚴(yán)志輝;孫旭東;;不同來源FDI對(duì)中國企業(yè)創(chuàng)新能力的溢出效應(yīng)研究——基于地區(qū)與行業(yè)層面的分析[J];重慶大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2007年06期

2 岳中剛;地區(qū)間競爭外商直接投資的福利效應(yīng)分析[J];產(chǎn)業(yè)經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2005年01期

3 劉青海;王忠;;FDI規(guī)模、政府行為與貧困化增長的防范[J];當(dāng)代財(cái)經(jīng);2010年03期

4 傅元海;;我國不同類型FDI利用質(zhì)量的比較[J];當(dāng)代經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2011年01期

5 隆娟潔;陳治亞;;不同來源地FDI的技術(shù)溢出效應(yīng)——以聯(lián)立方程模型為基礎(chǔ)的實(shí)證分析[J];系統(tǒng)工程;2009年04期

6 張全紅;張建華;;外國直接投資對(duì)我國城鎮(zhèn)貧困的影響——基于1985-2005年家戶調(diào)查數(shù)據(jù)的協(xié)整分析[J];國際貿(mào)易問題;2007年09期

7 林青;陳湛勻;;我國以FDI形式承接國際服務(wù)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的福利效應(yīng)測度研究[J];國際貿(mào)易問題;2008年01期

8 劉渝琳;;防范“貧困化增長”:FDI甄別與區(qū)域差異性檢驗(yàn)[J];國際貿(mào)易問題;2010年01期

9 錢春海,歐陽令南;不完全競爭市場下的VER、FDI與福利關(guān)系的研究[J];管理科學(xué);2003年05期

10 周泳宏;;漏損、FDI外溢效應(yīng)彈性和東道國福利[J];世界經(jīng)濟(jì)研究;2008年06期

本文編號(hào)：1410377