本文關(guān)鍵詞：逐步利率市場化下國有銀行如何完善小微信貸　出處：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 小微企業(yè) 利率市場化 融資需求 批量授信模式

【摘要】：目前我國的銀行業(yè)特別是國有大型銀行仍舊不能滿足小微企業(yè)的融資需求,盡管小微企業(yè)在完善我國社會主義的經(jīng)濟(jì)體制,豐富人民的物質(zhì)和精神生活,促進(jìn)社會就業(yè)上做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn),但它們在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)中卻一直處于弱勢地位,普遍受到銀行業(yè)的“歧視”。在利率管制下,小微企業(yè)即使愿意承擔(dān)較高的利率也難以得到金融機(jī)構(gòu)的貸款。而今,資金的短缺嚴(yán)重影響了小微企業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。此外,隨著國際經(jīng)濟(jì)的不景氣,再加上原材料以及人工成本的上升,利潤空間進(jìn)一步被擠壓,經(jīng)營面臨嚴(yán)重困難,因此,部分企業(yè)主只能接受極高利率的社會資金,還有甚者,對資金玩起了“擊鼓傳花”,極大地破壞了我國的信用體系。2011年的“吳英”案再次將我國金融體制的缺陷推上了風(fēng)口浪尖。我國小微企業(yè)資金需求有著“短頻快”的特點(diǎn),但由于信息不對稱的影響,我國銀行業(yè)特別是國有銀行對于小微企業(yè)貸款的審批環(huán)節(jié)往往過于繁瑣,抵押擔(dān)保門檻過于嚴(yán)格,從而導(dǎo)致信貸資金長期流向國有壟斷性企業(yè),這已然使得小微企業(yè)強(qiáng)烈的資金需求和我國銀行業(yè)供給體制的矛盾成為我國經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的一個突出矛盾。 本文闡述了利率市場化和小微企業(yè)的相關(guān)概念,從兩個角度來分析小微信貸對于銀行業(yè)的貢獻(xiàn)。一方面是由于逐步利率市場化,在今后一段時間銀行業(yè)都將伴隨著息差的減少,大企業(yè)的逐漸自主發(fā)債,金融脫媒現(xiàn)象的逐漸加深,因此迫切需要完善小微信貸來突破困境。另一方面則是由于小微企業(yè)對于銀行來說自身的價值以及對于國民經(jīng)濟(jì)來說的重要性來得出銀行也需要逐步建立相應(yīng)的小微信貸體制。此外,本文也通過對美國富國銀行的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及自身在國有銀行實(shí)習(xí)經(jīng)歷,并結(jié)合了多方學(xué)者及小微企業(yè)現(xiàn)狀的調(diào)研報(bào)告,根據(jù)這些數(shù)據(jù)以及目前中國的現(xiàn)狀分析了小微企業(yè)貸款難的原因,最后通過這些原因提出了如何完善小微信貸一些方法的建議,諸如客戶結(jié)構(gòu)的主動調(diào)整、客戶數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立、小微信貸產(chǎn)品的創(chuàng)新、小微授信流程的創(chuàng)新等解決方案。其中最為重要的就是批量授信模式、客戶數(shù)據(jù)庫的建立以及創(chuàng)新抵押擔(dān)保模式,這是目前我國銀行業(yè)小微信貸迫切要解決的幾個首先問題。不過,小微信貸領(lǐng)域的很多體制和模式都是全球性的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會難題,本文的觀點(diǎn)僅是管中窺豹,希望能讓小微企業(yè)與銀行之間的資金供求矛盾得到一定的緩解。
[Abstract]:At present, China's banking industry especially large state-owned banks still can not meet the financing needs of Small and micro businesses, although Small and micro businesses in the perfection of China's socialist economic system, the rich people's material and spiritual life, promote social employment has made great contribution, but they are in the economy of our country has been in a weak the status, generally by the banks "discrimination". Under the control of interest rates, Small and micro businesses even willing to bear higher interest rates would be difficult to get loans from financial institutions. Now, the shortage of funds has seriously affected the healthy development of Small and micro businesses. In addition, the international economic downturn, coupled with raw materials and labor costs rise, profit margins further squeezed, business are facing serious difficulties, therefore, some business owners can only accept the high rates of social capital, there are still, funds for playing "flower drum ".2011 has done great damage to the credit system of our country in the" Wu Ying "case again defects of China's financial system on China in the teeth of the storm. Small and micro businesses funds demand" features short frequency fast, but due to the impact of information asymmetry in China's banking industry, especially in the bank for Small and micro businesses loan approval procedures are often too cumbersome, mortgage threshold is too strict, resulting in long-term credit funds flows to the state-owned monopoly enterprises, it has made the contradiction of Small and micro businesses strong capital demand and supply system of China's banking industry has become a prominent contradiction in the economic development of our country.
This paper describes the concept of interest rate marketization and Small and micro businesses, to analyze the contribution of small and micro credit for the banking industry from two aspects. One is due to the gradual liberalization of interest rate in the next period of time, the banking industry will be accompanied by a decrease in spreads, large enterprises gradually independent bonds, financial deepening disintermediation, so there is an urgent need to improve the small and micro credit to break through the predicament. On the other hand is due to Small and micro businesses for the banks own value and importance to the national economy is out of the bank also needs to gradually establish the corresponding small micro credit system. In addition, this article also through the experience of successful experience of Wells Fargo and its practice in state-owned banks, combined with the investigation report many scholars and the status quo Small and micro businesses, according to the data and the current situation of China Small and micro businesses loans The reason for these reasons, finally put forward how to improve the small and micro credit some methods are suggested, such as the initiative to adjust the structure of customers, build customer database, innovative small and micro credit products, small micro credit process innovation solutions. The most important is the credit mode of batch, the establishment of database and the customer the innovation of mortgage guarantee mode, this is the Chinese banking small micro credit is urgent to solve the first problem. However, many of the field of small and micro credit system and mode are of global economic and social problems, the view is only hope that money supply and demand can see only a small part, so that small and micro enterprises and banks between the get some relief.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：F832.4

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