本文選題：移動GIS + 應(yīng)急疏散�。� 參考：《北京郵電大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：目前,國內(nèi)大型劇院場館、體育場館、會展中心等公共建筑越來越多。作為大規(guī)模群眾活動的大型設(shè)施,大型場館往往是一個地區(qū)乃至城市的重要公共活動中心。由于這類建筑具有內(nèi)部功能綜合、技術(shù)設(shè)施復(fù)雜、人員高度集中等特征,潛在安全隱患較多,一旦發(fā)生事故,極易造成嚴(yán)重傷亡和重大經(jīng)濟損失,并會帶來惡劣的社會影響。針對大型場館復(fù)雜室內(nèi)環(huán)境下應(yīng)急疏散需求,本文基于移動GIS建立了大型場館應(yīng)急疏散模型和決策優(yōu)化方法,闡述了如何利用移動GIS分析和優(yōu)化室內(nèi)復(fù)雜環(huán)境下最優(yōu)路徑,從理論和技術(shù)的角度為系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計及其實現(xiàn)的可行性奠定了基礎(chǔ),并在此基礎(chǔ)上對面向大型場館應(yīng)急疏散的移動GIS系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行設(shè)計與實現(xiàn)。 本文重點做了以下幾個方面的工作： 1.面向大型公共場館應(yīng)急疏散模型的建立 在進(jìn)行應(yīng)急疏散建模的過程中需要考慮到疏散人員個體特征、人流密度、疏散環(huán)境等多方面的因素。本文采用一種基于人流密度的疏散速度計算方法,結(jié)合物聯(lián)網(wǎng)環(huán)境監(jiān)測技術(shù)和基于網(wǎng)格化設(shè)計的空間距離的計算,進(jìn)行對公共場館室內(nèi)環(huán)境應(yīng)急疏散的建模。 2.基于物聯(lián)網(wǎng)感知技術(shù)的應(yīng)急疏散路徑分析 無線傳感器網(wǎng)絡(luò)(WSN)具有自組織、可快速部署、屏蔽性強、無人值守等優(yōu)點。本文采用WSN進(jìn)行室內(nèi)溫、濕、亮度等環(huán)境數(shù)據(jù)的采集,為面向大型場館應(yīng)急疏散路徑分析提供實時數(shù)據(jù)。 3.針對大型公共場館復(fù)雜室內(nèi)環(huán)境的移動GIS數(shù)據(jù)庫的合理化設(shè)計 本文對大型場館室內(nèi)環(huán)境采用網(wǎng)格化的管理,根據(jù)大型場館的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)和功能區(qū)域劃分網(wǎng)格,將場館的建筑結(jié)構(gòu)及相應(yīng)的環(huán)境參數(shù)作為網(wǎng)格區(qū)域的屬性保存在空間數(shù)據(jù)庫中。這種設(shè)計優(yōu)化減少了數(shù)據(jù)的重復(fù)存儲,優(yōu)化了數(shù)據(jù)的存儲結(jié)構(gòu)。 4.基于ArcGIS Server的移動GIS應(yīng)用設(shè)計與實現(xiàn) 本文采用ESRI公司出品的ArcGIS Serve組件作為系統(tǒng)開發(fā)平臺,結(jié)合WLAN、WSN等多項技術(shù),提出了一套基于移動GIS的室內(nèi)環(huán)境下移動客戶端應(yīng)急疏散實現(xiàn)方案。該方案將主要數(shù)據(jù)存儲和計算放在服務(wù)器端實現(xiàn),減輕了移動客戶端的負(fù)擔(dān),提高了系統(tǒng)的運行效率。
[Abstract]:At present, the domestic large-scale theatres, sports venues, exhibition center and other public buildings more and more. As a large-scale mass-event facility, large-scale venues are often an important public activity center in a region or even a city. Because this kind of building has the characteristics of comprehensive internal function, complex technical facilities, highly concentrated personnel, and so on, there are many potential safety hidden dangers. Once an accident occurs, it is easy to cause serious casualties and heavy economic losses, and will bring bad social impact. Aiming at the emergency evacuation demand in complex indoor environment of large gymnasiums, this paper establishes the emergency evacuation model and decision optimization method for large venues based on mobile GIS, and expounds how to use mobile GIS to analyze and optimize the optimal path in complex indoor environment. It lays a foundation for the design and feasibility of the system from the theoretical and technical point of view, and then designs and implements the mobile GIS system for emergency evacuation of large venues. This paper focuses on the following aspects: 1. Establishment of emergency evacuation model for large public venues In the process of emergency evacuation modeling, many factors should be taken into account, such as the individual characteristics of evacuees, the density of people, the evacuation environment and so on. In this paper, a method of calculating evacuation velocity based on the density of people is used to model the emergency evacuation of indoor environment of public venues by combining the environmental monitoring technology of the Internet of things and the calculation of space distance based on the grid design. 2. Emergency evacuation path Analysis based on Internet of things perception Technology Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have the advantages of self-organization, rapid deployment, strong shielding and unattended. In this paper, WSN is used to collect indoor temperature, humidity, brightness and other environmental data, which provides real-time data for emergency evacuation path analysis of large gymnasiums. 3. Rationalization Design of Mobile GIS Database for complex Indoor Environment of large Public stadiums In this paper, the indoor environment of large gymnasiums is managed by grid. According to the building structure and functional area of large gymnasiums, the building structure and the corresponding environmental parameters of the stadiums are stored in the spatial database as attributes of the grid area. This design optimization reduces the repeated storage of data and optimizes the storage structure of data. 4. Design and implementation of Mobile GIS Application based on ArcGIS Server In this paper, the ArcGIS Serve component produced by ESRI Company is used as the system development platform, and a mobile client emergency evacuation scheme based on mobile GIS is put forward by combining with several technologies such as WLAN WSN and so on. This scheme puts the main data storage and calculation on the server side to reduce the burden of the mobile client and improve the efficiency of the system.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京郵電大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：P208

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