本文選題：食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品 + 質量安全��； 參考：《江西財經(jīng)大學》2017年博士論文

【摘要】：食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品與老百姓日常生活緊密相關,其質量安全直接關乎老百姓的身體健康和生命安全。隨著經(jīng)濟社會的快速發(fā)展以及老百姓生活水平的穩(wěn)步提高,老百姓的消費理念正逐步由溫飽型向享受型升級,對食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量安全水平也提出了更高要求。有機、綠色、無公害、原生態(tài)、新鮮以及時令食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品越來越成為廣大老百姓的普遍選擇。然而,受農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境以及農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)方式等多種因素的制約,不安全食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品仍然充斥著我國食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場,這種低端無效供給難以滿足老百姓日益多樣化的需求。2016年,供給側結構性改革在我國眾多領域相繼推進,對于食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)領域而言,如何為廣大老百姓提供新鮮優(yōu)質安全營養(yǎng)的食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品,減少無效和低端供給,盡快實現(xiàn)產(chǎn)出高效、產(chǎn)品安全的目標,是當前我國農(nóng)業(yè)供給側結構性改革的重點任務和主攻方向。由于食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場中各主體之間存在著質量信息不對稱,生產(chǎn)農(nóng)戶容易受利益驅使,發(fā)生農(nóng)藥、激素、保鮮劑等農(nóng)用藥劑和添加劑的超標、違規(guī)使用行為,嚴重影響著食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量安全水平甚至威脅到消費者的身心健康。這些問題產(chǎn)生的原因之一是農(nóng)戶受利益驅使而發(fā)生道德風險行為。食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)農(nóng)戶道德風險行為的發(fā)生,不僅嚴重影響著我國食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品整體質量安全水平,而且對食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品供應鏈各環(huán)節(jié)相關主體利益帶來不利影響,更威脅到我國安全食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的生產(chǎn)及有效供給。為此,當前我國食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量安全狀況如何?食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)農(nóng)戶道德風險行為發(fā)生情況怎樣?發(fā)生機理是什么?影響因素有哪些?如何有效防范?這一系列問題值得深入研究。因此,本文以“食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)農(nóng)戶道德風險行為發(fā)生機理及防范機制研究”為題,在充分借鑒國內外相關研究成果的基礎上,深入田間地頭開展農(nóng)戶調研,了解我國食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量安全狀況,探究食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)農(nóng)戶道德風險行為發(fā)生內在機理,在此基礎上,探尋影響農(nóng)戶道德風險行為的因素,并提出防范農(nóng)戶道德風險行為的對策建議,為政府引導農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)行為向安全、規(guī)范方向發(fā)展提供理論依據(jù)。全文以農(nóng)戶道德風險行為作為研究主線,基于當前我國食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量安全現(xiàn)狀,分析存在的突出問題及成因,指出生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量安全問題產(chǎn)生的原因之一在于農(nóng)戶發(fā)生了道德風險行為,然后圍繞道德風險行為“為什么會發(fā)生?影響因素有哪些?如何有效防范? ”三個問題展開研究。在當前食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)農(nóng)戶道德風險發(fā)生現(xiàn)狀的基礎上,借助“貝-斯”模型,結合農(nóng)戶食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)實際,從理論層面找出影響農(nóng)戶道德風險行為的因素,然后根據(jù)委托-代理理論構建論文的理論模型,并提出研究假設,設計研究問卷,開展農(nóng)戶調研,采用二元Logistic回歸模型和半?yún)?shù)Logistic回歸模型,從實證分析的角度找出顯著影響農(nóng)戶道德風險行為的主要因素。最后,從經(jīng)濟、社會、制度及法律四個視角指出當前我國防范農(nóng)戶道德風險行為的政策重點,并從農(nóng)戶自身、政府及農(nóng)業(yè)合作組織三個層面分別提出具體的防范措施。全文在實地調研的基礎上,按照農(nóng)戶道德風險行為發(fā)生機理、影響因素以及防范機制的思路展開研究,并借助規(guī)范與實證相結合的分析方法,主要得出了以下研究結論:第一,當前我國食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量安全形勢整體穩(wěn)中趨好,但由于生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)出現(xiàn)的問題導致食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量安全事件也時有發(fā)生。生產(chǎn)環(huán)節(jié)出現(xiàn)的問題突出表現(xiàn)為農(nóng)戶受利益驅使而發(fā)生道德風險行為、農(nóng)業(yè)生態(tài)環(huán)境持續(xù)惡化以及化學投入品過量使用等。第二,通過系統(tǒng)剖析農(nóng)戶道德風險行為發(fā)生機理可以發(fā)現(xiàn),農(nóng)戶道德風險行為的發(fā)生受內因和外因的綜合影響,其中內因包括農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)行為的有限理性、農(nóng)戶存在機會主義傾向、追求種植收益最大化以及農(nóng)戶自律觀念淡薄等方面,外因則包括市場機制、政府監(jiān)管、社會發(fā)展、農(nóng)業(yè)合作組織以及制度設計等方面存在的弊端與不足,具體表現(xiàn)為食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品市場失靈、政府監(jiān)管的局限性、農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)機會成本增加、組織發(fā)展水平低以及農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)行為信用體系尚未建立等。第三,研究結果表明,在可能影響農(nóng)戶道德風險行為發(fā)生的眾多因素中,“非農(nóng)收入占比”、“食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量關心情況”、“'三品一標'認證取得情況”、“個人聲譽或信用看重情況”、“購銷合同簽訂情況”及“投入品控制制度執(zhí)行情況” 6個變量負向顯著影響農(nóng)戶道德風險行為,其中,“食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量關心情況”是影響農(nóng)戶道德風險行為最重要的因素。第四,研究結果還表明,除上述因素外,自發(fā)存在于廣大農(nóng)村的非正式制度,如“道德觀念約束力”、“村規(guī)民約制定情況”等對農(nóng)戶道德風險行為的發(fā)生也有顯著影響,實證結果表明,“道德觀念約束力”以及“村規(guī)民約制定情況”變量負向顯著影響農(nóng)戶道德風險行為的發(fā)生。第五,為從源頭有效防范食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)農(nóng)戶道德風險行為的發(fā)生,本文從經(jīng)濟、社會、制度及法律四個視角指出了政策重點,從農(nóng)戶自身、政府及農(nóng)業(yè)合作組織三個方面提出了具體政策措施。從經(jīng)濟視角看,應切實增加農(nóng)戶種植收益、增強消費者對安全食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品的購買力、提高食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品流通環(huán)節(jié)效率。從社會視角看,對于農(nóng)戶而言,應提高社會責任意識并提升道德修養(yǎng)水平;對于農(nóng)村集體組織而言,應制定和完善村規(guī)民約、切實發(fā)揮村規(guī)民約的作用、保護與弘揚優(yōu)良傳統(tǒng)文化;對于政府而言,首先要嚴格執(zhí)法,其次要提高農(nóng)戶受教育水平,最后還要制定獎勵措施。從制度視角看,應該充分發(fā)揮他律機制的作用,同時通過制度創(chuàng)新引導農(nóng)戶自律。從法律視角看,應不斷提高農(nóng)戶和消費者的法律意識,并制定《中華人民共和國食用農(nóng)產(chǎn)品質量安全法》。農(nóng)戶自身方面,應提高質量安全意識、培養(yǎng)自律意識。政府方面,應盡快建立農(nóng)戶生產(chǎn)行為信用體系,引導農(nóng)戶自覺規(guī)范生產(chǎn),嚴控農(nóng)業(yè)投入品,完善激勵和約束機制。農(nóng)業(yè)合作組織方面,應發(fā)揮好組織服務成員的作用,做好做大并分好農(nóng)業(yè)合作組織的經(jīng)濟“蛋糕”。
[Abstract]:The quality and safety of the edible agricultural products is closely related to the daily life of the common people. The quality and safety of the people is directly related to the health and safety of the people. With the rapid development of the economy and society and the steady improvement of the living standards of the common people, the consumption concept of the common people is gradually escalated from the type of food and clothing to the enjoyment type, and the quality and safety of the edible agricultural products is also the same. Higher requirements are put forward. Organic, green, pollution-free, original ecological, fresh, and seasonal edible agricultural products are becoming more and more common choices for the general population. However, under the constraints of various factors such as agricultural ecological environment and agricultural production methods, unsafe edible agricultural products are still flooded with the market of edible agricultural products in China, this kind of low end is not effective. It is difficult to meet the demand of the increasing diversity of the people in.2016 years. The structural reform of the supply side has been promoted in many fields in China. For the production of edible agricultural products, how to provide fresh quality and safe and nutritious edible agricultural products for the general people, reduce the ineffective and low supply, and realize the high efficiency and safety of the products as soon as possible. The goal is the key task and main direction of the current agricultural supply side structural reform in China. Because of the asymmetry of quality information between the main bodies of the food market, the farmers are easily driven by the benefits, and the agricultural chemicals and additives such as pesticides, hormones and preservatives have exceeded the standard, and the illegal use behavior has seriously affected the consumption of food. The quality and safety of agricultural products even threatens the physical and mental health of consumers. One of the reasons for these problems is that the farmers are driven by the benefit of the moral risk behavior. The occurrence of the moral risk behavior of the farmers in the production of agricultural products, not only seriously affects the quality safety level of the whole body of our country's edible agricultural products, but also to the edible agricultural products. The main interests of each link in the supply chain have adverse effects, which threaten the production and effective supply of the safe edible agricultural products in our country. So, what is the situation of the quality and safety of the agricultural products in our country? What is the occurrence of the moral risk behavior of the farmers in the production of agricultural products? What are the causes and the effective factors? How effective This series of problems should be studied in depth. Therefore, this paper, on the basis of "study on the mechanism of the occurrence of moral risk behavior of farmers in the production of edible agricultural products and the mechanism of prevention,", on the basis of the relevant research results at home and abroad, makes a thorough study of farmers in the field to understand the quality and safety of our edible agricultural products and explore the food. On the basis of the internal mechanism of producing farmers' moral risk behavior with agricultural products, the factors that affect the behavior of farmers' moral hazard are explored, and the countermeasures and suggestions to prevent the behavior of farmers' moral risk are put forward to provide a theoretical basis for the government to guide the production behavior of farmers to safety and standard direction. The full text is based on the behavior of farmers' moral hazard. Based on the current situation of the quality and safety of edible agricultural products in China, this paper analyzes the existing problems and causes, and points out that one of the reasons for the quality and safety of the edible agricultural products in the production link lies in the moral hazard behavior of the farmers, and then around the moral risk behavior, what are the factors affecting them and what are the factors affecting them? On the basis of the present situation of the occurrence of the farmers' moral hazard in the production of agricultural products, on the basis of the "Beas" model and the actual production of farmers' production of agricultural products, the factors that affect the behavior of farmers' moral hazard are found from the theoretical level, and then the theoretical model of the paper is constructed according to the principal-agent theory. And put forward the research hypothesis, design the research questionnaire, carry out the peasant household survey, adopt the two yuan Logistic regression model and the semi parametric Logistic regression model, find out the main factors that affect the farmers' moral hazard behavior from the perspective of empirical analysis. Finally, from the economic, social, institutional and legal points of view, we point out the current China to prevent the moral wind of farmers in China. The policy focus of the risk behavior, and from the farmers themselves, the government and the agricultural cooperation organization three levels to put forward specific precautions. The full text on the basis of field research, according to the mechanism of farmers' moral risk behavior, the influence factors and prevention mechanism of the train of thought, and with the aid of the combination of normative and empirical analysis method, the main part. The following conclusions are drawn: first, the current situation of the quality and safety of edible agricultural products in China is stable in the whole, but the problems caused by the production links lead to the occurrence of the quality and safety of the edible agricultural products. The problems in the production link are manifested in the moral hazard behavior of the farmers and the agricultural ecological ring. Second, through systematic analysis of the mechanism of farmers' moral hazard behavior, it can be found that the occurrence of moral risk behavior of farmers can be found that the occurrence of farmers' moral risk behavior is influenced by internal and external factors. The internal causes include the limited rationality of farmers' production behavior, the opportunism tendency of farmers and the pursuit of the most productive income. The external causes include market mechanism, government supervision, social development, agricultural cooperation organization and system design, which include the malfunction of the market failure, the limitation of the government supervision, the increase in the cost of the agricultural production, the low level of organization and development and the agriculture. The credit system of household production has not been established. Third, the results show that, among the many factors that may affect the behavior of farmers' moral hazard, the "non agricultural income ratio", "the quality care of the edible agricultural products", "the attestation of 'three products and one standard", "the reputation of the individual or the credit value", "the purchase and sale contract sign" The 6 variables of "situation" and "implementation of input control system" negatively affect farmers' moral hazard behavior. Among them, "the quality care of edible agricultural products" is the most important factor affecting the behavior of farmers' moral hazard. Fourth. The results also show that, in addition to the above factors, the informal system exists spontaneously in the vast rural areas. Such as "moral concept binding force", "village rules and regulations" and so on has a significant impact on the occurrence of farmers' moral hazard behavior. The empirical results show that the "moral concept binding" and "village rules and regulations" variables negatively affect the occurrence of farmers' moral hazard behavior. Fifth, the effective prevention of food farmers from the source. This article points out the policy emphasis from four perspectives of economy, society, system and law, and puts forward specific policies and measures from three aspects of farmers themselves, the government and the agricultural cooperation organization. From the economic perspective, we should increase the income of farmers' planting and enhance the consumer's purchase of safe edible agricultural products. From a social perspective, it is necessary to improve the sense of social responsibility and improve the level of moral cultivation from a social perspective. For rural collective organizations, the village rules and regulations should be formulated and perfected, the role of the village rules and regulations should be fully played to protect and carry forward the fine traditional culture; for the government, the first must be concerned. Strictly enforcing the law, the second is to improve the level of farmers' education, and finally to formulate incentives. From the perspective of the system, we should give full play to the role of the heteronomy mechanism and guide the self-discipline of farmers through institutional innovation. From a legal perspective, the legal consciousness of farmers and consumers should be constantly improved, and the food agricultural products in People's Republic of China should be formulated. The quality safety law is more than. The farmers themselves should improve their awareness of quality and safety and cultivate self-discipline consciousness. In the government, the credit system of farmers' production behavior should be established as soon as possible, the farmers should be guided to standardize the production, strictly control the agricultural inputs and improve the incentive and restraint mechanisms. We should divide up the economic "cake" of the agricultural cooperative organization.

【學位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F322

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