【摘要】：黃河是中華民族的母親河,華夏文明的發(fā)祥地。河南孟津以下黃河下游河段是黃河的重要組成部分,在整個黃河流域占據(jù)著舉足輕重的地位。在當前我國經(jīng)濟社會進入強調(diào)科學發(fā)展、人與自然和諧相處的背景下,系統(tǒng)分析研究黃河下游治理開發(fā)與管理政策有著十分重要的現(xiàn)實意義。 受黃土高原氣候變化和黃土本身結(jié)構(gòu)松散特征的影響,加上人類活動對自然環(huán)境的破壞,黃河在流經(jīng)黃土高原時,挾帶大量泥沙,在下游沖積平原嚴重淤積,形成河床高踞于兩岸背河地面之上的“地上懸河”。針對黃河水少沙多、水沙關(guān)系不協(xié)調(diào)的主要特征,如何準確把握黃河水沙運動規(guī)律,科學處理好洪水和泥沙問題,已成為黃河治理開發(fā)和管理的關(guān)鍵所在。基于黃河下游在整個黃河流域中的重要地位和作用,做好黃河下游的治理開發(fā)工作,已成為黃河流域興利除害、發(fā)展經(jīng)濟的關(guān)鍵。 結(jié)合黃河下游的自然特征,本文通過回顧新時期以來黃河下游治河歷程,解讀其成效得失原因,并以公共管理基本理論為出發(fā)點,立足于公共政策分析,融入管理學的原理和方法,結(jié)合黃河下游治理開發(fā)與管理現(xiàn)狀進行分析,并借鑒國外著名河流的治理方略,綜合政府、企業(yè)、公眾三方面的因素,從寬河固堤、蓄水攔沙、調(diào)水調(diào)沙、維持黃河健康生命等方面系統(tǒng)分析,進而推導黃河下游治理開發(fā)與管理的政策設(shè)計,并對其所產(chǎn)生的預期效益進行分析,進而解決黃河當前的突出問題,為未來黃河下游長治久安尋求解決思路。
[Abstract]:The Yellow River is the mother river of the Chinese nation and the birthplace of Chinese civilization. The lower reaches of the Yellow River below Mengjin in Henan Province are an important part of the Yellow River and occupy a pivotal position in the whole Yellow River Basin. Under the background of emphasizing the scientific development and harmonious coexistence between man and nature, it is of great practical significance to systematically analyze and study the policies of governance, development and management in the lower Yellow River. Affected by the climate change of the Loess Plateau and the loose structure of the loess, coupled with the destruction of the natural environment caused by human activities, the Yellow River carries a large amount of sediment when it flows through the Loess Plateau and silts up seriously in the lower alluvial plain. Formation of the river bed above the two sides of the back of the river surface, "on the ground suspended river." In view of the main characteristics of the Yellow River, such as less water, more sediment and less water and sediment, how to accurately grasp the law of water and sediment movement in the Yellow River, and how to deal with the flood and sediment problems scientifically has become the key to the development and management of the Yellow River. Based on the important position and function of the lower reaches of the Yellow River in the whole Yellow River basin, it has become the key point for the Yellow River basin to make a good effort to harness and develop the lower reaches of the Yellow River. Combined with the natural characteristics of the lower Yellow River, this paper reviews the course of river control in the lower reaches of the Yellow River since the new period, explains the reasons for its gains and losses, and takes the basic theory of public management as the starting point, based on the analysis of public policies. Combining with the principles and methods of management, combining with the present situation of harnessing, development and management of the lower Yellow River, and drawing lessons from the management strategy of famous foreign rivers, synthesizing the factors of government, enterprise and the public, the author tries to strengthen the embankment of the river from the broad-cut river, and impound and stop the sand. Through systematic analysis of water and sediment transfer, maintenance of healthy life of the Yellow River and so on, the policy design for harnessing, development and management of the lower Yellow River is deduced, and the expected benefits are analyzed to solve the outstanding problems of the Yellow River at present. For the future of the Yellow River for a long time to find solutions to the lower reaches of the thinking.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：TV882.1

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