【摘要】：19世紀(jì)末，德國加入了帝國主義瓜分世界的行列中，遺憾的是狂潮已落，只留余聲。但是德國的遲到并不意味著它沒有獲得并管理殖民地的能力，德國人抓住殖民風(fēng)潮的尾巴，好好地展示了一把自己的非凡能力。展示的舞臺就是它動用武力在中國取得的租借地“膠澳”。 雖然條約形式上注明“膠澳”只是租與德國，清政府仍對它享有主權(quán)，但德國人卻把它實(shí)實(shí)在在地看作了德國在海外的領(lǐng)土，對其傾注心血建設(shè)。經(jīng)過十幾年的時間，膠澳果然發(fā)生了翻天覆地的變化。最令人驚嘆的變化在膠澳的主城區(qū)——青島，從一個破落的小鎮(zhèn)變成了名揚(yáng)海外的美麗現(xiàn)代化城市。 然而這還不能完全表現(xiàn)出德國殖民者的能力，最能體現(xiàn)他們能力的是：通過德國當(dāng)局的文化政策及膠澳總督府制定的法律規(guī)范，控制和影響了華人的部分思想。短短十幾年，德國撤出膠澳后，他們制定的法律卻沒有隨撤退而消亡。接手的日本人予以承認(rèn)，收回主權(quán)的中國人也部分地使用了當(dāng)年德國人專門為膠澳制定的法律規(guī)范，特別是社會公共管理方面的規(guī)范，一直到今天仍值得我們學(xué)習(xí)借鑒。德國把膠澳打造成了一個“模范殖民地”，向世界展示了他的管理能力，樹立了榜樣，為其他國家的殖民管理提供了一個“樣板”，引起了其他國家的關(guān)注。 文章從“社會管理的法律調(diào)控”“文化政策”“影響因素”以及“治理效果”四個方面，對“模范殖民地”的法治問題進(jìn)行思考，通過對這一問題的分析探索，使人更清晰的認(rèn)識那段“法治”歷史。 文章的第一部分首先簡略交代德國是怎樣取得膠澳的，他的目的，以及膠澳新城區(qū)——“青島”的由來。文章第二至五部分是核心內(nèi)容。第二部分展示德國為治理膠澳社會在城市建設(shè)、公共衛(wèi)生、居民人身安全、環(huán)保及社會風(fēng)氣幾個方面的立法。法律完備詳細(xì)，可行性強(qiáng)，起到了“矯正”居民行為的作用。第三部分“社會治理的文化政策”介紹的是對居民思想的“矯正”。通過當(dāng)局的某些做法，讓華人從心理上接受、認(rèn)可德國人的做法。第四部分探討影響德國人實(shí)施上述兩大類措施的因素，看清殖民者的心理。第五部分展現(xiàn)的是法律和文化兩大類措施帶來的效果。同樣，這個效果不僅體現(xiàn)在膠澳外在環(huán)境的變化上，也體現(xiàn)在華人內(nèi)心的改變上。這不能不引發(fā)我們的思考，，德國人真的是為華人謀福利嗎？華人難道沒有受到不公正的對待嗎？在“模范”華麗的外衣下不存在問題嗎？這就是在第五部分的后半部分我們所要探討的。通過對上述問題的探討，文章的最后做了一個小的結(jié)論，希望能有所啟發(fā)。
[Abstract]:At the end of the 19th century, Germany joined the imperialists in dividing the world. Unfortunately, the tide had fallen, leaving only Yu Sheng. But Germany's lateness does not mean it does not have the ability to acquire and run a colony. The Germans hold on to the tail of the colonial storm and show off their extraordinary abilities. The stage on display is Jiao-ao, which it has obtained by force in China. Although the treaty states that "Jiao-ao" is only leased to Germany, the Qing government still has sovereignty over it, but the Germans actually regard it as Germany's overseas territory and devote all its efforts to building it. After more than ten years, Jiao-ao really took place earth-shaking changes. The most amazing change is in Qingdao, the main district of Jiao-ao, from a dilapidated town to a beautiful modern city famous overseas. However, this does not fully demonstrate the ability of the German colonists. What can best reflect their ability is that, through the cultural policies of the German authorities and the legal norms formulated by the Government House of Jiao-ao, part of the thinking of the Chinese has been controlled and influenced. After a decade or so of German withdrawal from Jiao-ao, their laws did not die out. The Japanese who took over acknowledged it, and the Chinese who took back their sovereignty also used in part the legal norms formulated by the Germans for Jiao-ao, especially in the area of social and public administration, which are still worthy of our learning and reference to this day. Germany made Jiao-ao into a "model colony", showed the world his management ability, set an example, provided a "model" for the colonial administration of other countries, and attracted the attention of other countries. From four aspects of "legal regulation and control of social management," cultural policy "and" influence factor "and" governance effect ", the article thinks about the rule of law in" model colony ", and probes into this problem through analysis and exploration. To give a clearer understanding of the history of the "rule of law". The first part of the article briefly explains how Germany got Jiao ao, its purpose and the origin of Qingdao. The second to fifth part of the article is the core content. The second part shows the German legislation on urban construction, public health, residents' personal safety, environmental protection and social ethos in order to control Jiao-ao society. Complete and detailed laws, strong feasibility, played the role of "correction" of residents' behavior. The third part, "the Cultural Policy of Social Governance", introduces the correction of residents'thoughts. Through certain practices of the authorities, the Chinese psychologically accept and recognize the German practice. The fourth part discusses the factors which influence the German to carry out the above two kinds of measures, see clearly the psychology of the colonists. The fifth part shows the effect of legal and cultural measures. Similarly, this effect is reflected not only in the change of the external environment of Jiao-ao, but also in the change of the Chinese heart. This can not help but arouse our thinking, the Germans are really for the welfare of the Chinese? Have the Chinese not been treated unjustly? Is there no problem under the gorgeous coat of "model"? This is what we are going to discuss in the second half of part five. Through the discussion of the above problems, a small conclusion is made at the end of the article, hoping to enlighten.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D909.516

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