【摘要】：20世紀(jì)70年代以來,無論是在國際社會還是在一個國家內(nèi)部,非營利組織以其發(fā)展速度之快、影響范圍之廣、介入程度之深,引起了越來越多的關(guān)注。特別是近年來,在頻發(fā)的地震、干旱和洪災(zāi)等大規(guī)模的自然災(zāi)害面前,非營利組織不僅在某種程度上彌補(bǔ)了政府救助能力不足的缺陷,而且以其迅速的反應(yīng)速度和專業(yè)化的能力,起到了越來越突出的作用。實(shí)踐表明,非營利組織已經(jīng)成為我國自然災(zāi)害危機(jī)管理的關(guān)鍵力量之一。 盡管如此,但我們也應(yīng)注意到,受傳統(tǒng)政府管理模式和非營利組織發(fā)展時間短、能力建設(shè)不足等因素的影響,非營利組織在自然危機(jī)管理中遠(yuǎn)未能發(fā)揮其應(yīng)有的作用,與民眾需求和期望還存在著不小的差距。因“郭美美事件”等慈善丑聞所引爆的社會捐贈下滑、公益發(fā)展社會環(huán)境惡化等,這更是在一定程度上抑制了非營利組織的潛能。面對非營利組織參與自然災(zāi)害危機(jī)管理不足的現(xiàn)狀,我們需在制度、渠道、能力和社會認(rèn)知等方面進(jìn)行持續(xù)的改進(jìn)。其中,作為公共權(quán)力掌控者的政府,應(yīng)當(dāng)如何更有效地整合各種社會資源和力量,并在政社合作中更好地實(shí)施自然災(zāi)害危機(jī)管理,是本文研究的焦點(diǎn)。 本文從五個方面深入研究：第一部分,前言。介紹的是非營利組織參與自然災(zāi)害危機(jī)管理的選題背景和研究意義,國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)研究、研究方法和思路。第二部分,理論探究。包括非營利組織參與到大概念公共管理及小范圍公共危機(jī)管理的依據(jù)研究和理論研究,即非營利組織參與自然災(zāi)害危機(jī)的作用研究。第三部分,案例分析。以汶川地震和雅安地震為切入點(diǎn),分析非營利組織參與兩次自然災(zāi)害公共危機(jī)的進(jìn)展；以日本為例,借鑒日本在自然災(zāi)害危機(jī)應(yīng)對中的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)。第四部分,對非營利組織參與自然災(zāi)害公共危機(jī)應(yīng)對的困境剖析,包括政府和非營利組織兩個角度。第五部分則是推進(jìn)非營利組織參與自然災(zāi)害危機(jī)管理的措施。分別從政府與非營利組織的關(guān)系層面,非營利組織自身素質(zhì)提高和政府職能轉(zhuǎn)變?nèi)齻�角度進(jìn)行分析,探討非營利組織如何在公共危機(jī)管理中發(fā)揮更大的作用及我國危機(jī)管理體系的完善。
[Abstract]:Since the 1970s, no matter in the international community or in a country, non-profit organizations have attracted more and more attention for their rapid development, wide range of influence and deep involvement. In particular, in recent years, in the face of large-scale natural disasters such as frequent earthquakes, droughts and floods, non-profit organizations have not only made up for the deficiencies in the government's ability to assist to a certain extent. And with its rapid reaction speed and specialized ability, played a more and more prominent role. Practice shows that non-profit organizations have become one of the key forces of natural disaster crisis management in China. Nevertheless, we should also note that, under the influence of traditional government management models and the short development time and insufficient capacity-building of non-profit organizations, non-profit organizations are far from playing their proper role in natural crisis management. There is still a large gap with the needs and expectations of the people. The decline of social donation and the deterioration of social environment caused by such charitable scandals as "Guo Meimei incident" have restrained the potential of non-profit organizations to a certain extent. In the face of the lack of participation of non-profit organizations in natural disaster crisis management, we need to make continuous improvement in system, channel, ability and social cognition. The focus of this paper is how the government, as the owner of public power, should integrate all kinds of social resources and forces more effectively and implement the natural disaster crisis management better in the cooperation of government and society. This paper studies in depth from five aspects: the first part, preface. This paper introduces the background and significance of the research on the participation of non-profit organizations in natural disaster crisis management, as well as the relevant research, research methods and ideas at home and abroad. The second part, theoretical research. It includes the research on the basis and theory of the participation of non-profit organizations in the large-scale concept of public management and the small scale of public crisis management, that is, the role of non-profit organizations in natural disaster crisis. The third part, case analysis. Taking Wenchuan earthquake and Ya'an earthquake as the starting point, this paper analyzes the progress of non-profit organizations' participation in the public crises of two natural disasters, and takes Japan as an example to learn from Japan's successful experience in natural disaster crisis response. The fourth part analyzes the plight of NPO participating in public crisis of natural disaster, including government and NPO. The fifth part is to promote non-profit organizations to participate in natural disaster crisis management measures. From the angle of the relationship between the government and the non-profit organization, the improvement of the quality of the non-profit organization and the transformation of the government function, the paper analyzes the relationship between the government and the non-profit organization. This paper discusses how non-profit organizations play a greater role in public crisis management and how to perfect the crisis management system in China.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D632.9;D63

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本文編號：2135574