本文選題：養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系 + 城鎮(zhèn)化��； 參考：《西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著老年人口的激增,中國(guó)迎來(lái)了老齡化時(shí)代。在空巢化、家庭規(guī)模小型化的雙重作用下,傳統(tǒng)家庭養(yǎng)老難以支撐龐大的老年人口,使得老年人對(duì)于養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的需求與日俱增。如何老有所養(yǎng)、老有所樂(lè)成為中國(guó)最受關(guān)注的問(wèn)題之一。近年來(lái),中國(guó)政府高度關(guān)注民生問(wèn)題,把保障和改善民生作為政府工作的重點(diǎn)來(lái)加以解決,越來(lái)越多的惠民措施得以實(shí)施,養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)也提上日程。 隨著中國(guó)城鎮(zhèn)化進(jìn)程,城鎮(zhèn)周邊的城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合部逐步由農(nóng)村變?yōu)槌鞘?政府統(tǒng)一對(duì)失地農(nóng)民進(jìn)行集中安置,進(jìn)而形成了一個(gè)個(gè)拆遷安置社區(qū)。這些失地農(nóng)民因?yàn)槌鞘械陌l(fā)展而改變了身份：從農(nóng)民變成了城市居民。拆遷安置社區(qū)是農(nóng)村社區(qū)到城市社區(qū)的一個(gè)中間狀態(tài),在這樣的社區(qū)中居民處于身份轉(zhuǎn)變、生活方式轉(zhuǎn)變的適應(yīng)期,并且由于這些社區(qū)中人口數(shù)量龐大,老人數(shù)量尤為突出,開(kāi)展相應(yīng)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)工作是這種社區(qū)工作的重點(diǎn)。隨著老人的養(yǎng)老方式從土地養(yǎng)老到社會(huì)養(yǎng)老的轉(zhuǎn)變,相關(guān)社區(qū)等政府部門(mén)面臨了不小的考驗(yàn)：一方面要提高全社會(huì)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)意識(shí),另一方面要建立起多元化的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系。 本文立足于拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù),希望通過(guò)本文的研究,進(jìn)而探討這樣一系列問(wèn)題：現(xiàn)行的拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)供給情況如何,有什么經(jīng)驗(yàn)及教訓(xùn),并且如何根據(jù)國(guó)內(nèi)相關(guān)城市社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)經(jīng)驗(yàn),建立拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系。論文包含了三部分,分別是養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)的理論、動(dòng)力與歷史路徑、實(shí)地調(diào)研分析以及今后的相關(guān)建議。 第一部分,本文對(duì)社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)的相關(guān)理論進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)說(shuō)明,主要從三個(gè)方面進(jìn)行討論：其一,福利多元主義,該理論從福利提供的主體上提出社會(huì)福利提供應(yīng)該由多元主體共同承擔(dān),政府并不是福利提供唯一主體,通過(guò)多元主體參與可以保證福利的持續(xù)供給以及質(zhì)量；其二,嵌入理論提出任何制度的建立都應(yīng)該嵌入到一定的社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)之中,不能架空于實(shí)際情況,在嵌入理論指導(dǎo)下的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)要因地制宜、因時(shí)制宜；其三,新公共管理理論對(duì)政府機(jī)構(gòu)的管理方法提出改進(jìn)意見(jiàn),批評(píng)了政府的官僚主義作風(fēng),提出政府機(jī)構(gòu)應(yīng)該以滿足人民的實(shí)際需求為目標(biāo),提高工作效率,引入競(jìng)爭(zhēng)機(jī)制,放開(kāi)相關(guān)權(quán)限。拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)將在這三種理論的指導(dǎo)下進(jìn)行。 第二部分主要討論了拆遷安置社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)中的動(dòng)力與歷史路徑演變。首先,在人口老齡化、城鎮(zhèn)化、傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)老方式危機(jī)的三重作用導(dǎo)致原有的養(yǎng)老方式不再適應(yīng)現(xiàn)有中國(guó)的實(shí)際情況的大背景下,本文從一般城市社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)入手,討論社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)的動(dòng)力。其次,通過(guò)對(duì)中國(guó)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)的歷史路徑進(jìn)行分析,以歷史的眼光正視中國(guó)近年來(lái)社區(qū)服務(wù)、養(yǎng)老服務(wù)方面的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),總結(jié)了養(yǎng)老服務(wù)發(fā)展的幾種路徑：政府主導(dǎo)路徑、社會(huì)化路徑和合并路徑,并通過(guò)對(duì)三種路徑的解釋與案例分析,找出三種路徑發(fā)展和改革的因素,最終本文得出合并路徑是符合中國(guó)現(xiàn)有條件的最佳路徑。 第三部分本文采取了實(shí)地調(diào)研的方式展開(kāi),采用了問(wèn)卷法和訪問(wèn)法,通過(guò)對(duì)一個(gè)典型拆遷安置社區(qū)的調(diào)查,分別從社區(qū)等相關(guān)服務(wù)供給方和老年居民需求方兩個(gè)方面展開(kāi),試圖挖掘這個(gè)拆遷安置社區(qū)現(xiàn)有養(yǎng)老服務(wù)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn),并找出問(wèn)題所在。根據(jù)調(diào)查結(jié)果分析,結(jié)合相關(guān)理論,本文最后提出相應(yīng)的政策建議。 針對(duì)社區(qū)養(yǎng)老服務(wù)研究的文獻(xiàn)很多,但關(guān)于拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)模式的研究還很少,大多數(shù)拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)還處于試點(diǎn)階段。無(wú)論是城市社區(qū)還是農(nóng)村社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè),都還未形成能向全國(guó)推廣的成功模式。本文創(chuàng)新地選擇拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系為研究對(duì)象,雖然現(xiàn)實(shí)中還存在許多障礙因素,但理論層面的探討是實(shí)踐應(yīng)用的先行者。因此,本文通過(guò)理論探討和實(shí)踐案例分析兩方面努力,希望能夠通過(guò)理論的探討,結(jié)合實(shí)際案例分析,可以為中國(guó)拆遷安置社區(qū)的養(yǎng)老服務(wù)體系建設(shè)提供一種行動(dòng)路徑。
[Abstract]:With the surge of the elderly population , China is facing an aging era . Under the double effect of cavitation and miniaturization of family size , the traditional family pension is difficult to support the huge old people ' s mouth , so that the old people become one of China ' s most concerned problems . In recent years , the Chinese government has paid great attention to the livelihood issues , has solved the security and improve the livelihood of the people as the focus of the government work , and more and more of the people ' s livelihood measures have been implemented , and the construction of the old - care service system is also put on the agenda .

With the process of urbanization in China , the urban and rural areas around town are gradually changed from countryside to city , and the government unified the resettlement of the lost land farmers , thus forming a resettlement community . The resettlement community is an intermediate state of the rural community to the urban community . In this way , the residents are in an intermediate state of their identity transformation and life style .

This paper is based on the old - age service of resettlement community , hoping to explore a series of problems : how to supply the old - age service in the current resettlement community , what experiences and lessons can be learned , and how to establish the old - age service system for the resettlement community according to the experience of the old - age service in the domestic relevant city community . The paper contains three parts : the theory , the power and the historical path , the field investigation and analysis and the relevant suggestions in the future .

In the first part , this paper gives a detailed explanation of the relevant theories of community - based pension service system construction , mainly from three aspects : first , welfare pluralism , the theory proposed from the main body of the welfare provision should be borne by the multi - element body , the government is not the only main body for the welfare , and the continuous supply and the quality of the welfare can be ensured through the participation of the multiple subjects ;
Second , the embedding theory suggests that the establishment of any system should be embedded in a certain social and economic situation , cannot be raised in the actual situation , and the construction of the old - age service system under the guidance of embedded theory should be adapted to the local conditions .
Third , the new public administration theory puts forward the improvement opinions on the management methods of the government agencies , criticized the government ' s bureaucratic style of work , put forward that the government agencies should aim at meeting the actual needs of the people , improve the work efficiency , introduce the competition mechanism and release the relevant authorities . The construction of the old - age service system in the resettlement community will be conducted under the guidance of these three theories .

The second part mainly discusses the evolution of the dynamic and historical path in the construction of the old - age service system in the resettlement community . First , based on the analysis of the historical path of the old - age service system in China , this paper analyzes the historical path of the old - age service system , and summarizes several paths for the development of the old - age service system : the government - led path , the socialization path and the merging path , and finds out the three kinds of path development and reform factors through the explanation and case analysis of the three paths . Finally , the author concludes that the merging path is the best path which meets the existing conditions of China .

In the third part , the investigation of the field investigation is carried out , and the questionnaire method and the access method are adopted . Through the investigation of a typical resettlement community , the paper tries to find out the experiences and lessons of the existing old - age service in the community , and find out the problem . According to the analysis of the findings and the relevant theories , the paper puts forward the corresponding policy recommendations .

In view of the many literatures of community - based pension service research , the research on the old - age service model of resettlement community is very few , and the old - age service system in most resettlement communities is still in the pilot phase . In spite of many obstacles in the construction of the old - age service system in the urban community and the rural community , this paper tries to explore the old - age service system of the resettlement community .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南財(cái)經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D669.6

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