【摘要】：充液系統(tǒng)在日常生活和工程中隨處可見,如液罐車、油輪、燃料箱、渡槽、水庫等。與固體不同,充液系統(tǒng)在應(yīng)用中往往存在著較大的安全隱患:在外界激勵作用下,貯箱內(nèi)液體容易產(chǎn)生持續(xù)振蕩,改變箱體壁面上的壓力分布,從而對約束結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生不斷變化的晃動力和晃動力矩等,對整體系統(tǒng)的穩(wěn)定性造成極大影響。因此,研究在外界激勵下充液系統(tǒng)液體晃動動力學(xué)特性有著重要的應(yīng)用價值。以近年來發(fā)展迅速的自走式噴桿噴霧機(jī)藥箱為背景,本文選取矩形貯箱為研究對象。通過試驗(yàn)手段,對矩形貯箱充液系統(tǒng)在外界激勵下的力學(xué)特性進(jìn)行研究。以獲取液體晃動所產(chǎn)生的橫向晃動力和晃動力矩為目標(biāo),設(shè)計了橫向力試驗(yàn)和垂向力試驗(yàn)兩種方案;考慮到藥箱和支架的慣性力影響,分別從充液系統(tǒng)整體和液體兩個方面進(jìn)行研究;著重研究影響充液系統(tǒng)力學(xué)特性的各種因素,如液體深度、激勵頻率和激勵振幅等。對試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行處理和分析,得出液體深度、激勵頻率和激勵振幅對充液系統(tǒng)晃動力和力矩的影響規(guī)律。試驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:(1)充液系統(tǒng)橫向力和垂向力表現(xiàn)出近似相同的特性:隨著激勵頻率的不斷增大,力逐漸增大;在一階固有頻率附近液體振蕩劇烈,測得的力達(dá)到極值,呈現(xiàn)出明顯的非線性;遠(yuǎn)離一階固有頻率后,充液系統(tǒng)的橫向力和垂向力呈現(xiàn)先急劇下降后攀升的趨勢,而液體的晃動力急速下降后趨于平緩。(2)充液系統(tǒng)橫向力和垂向力隨液體深度和激勵振幅的增加而增加,近似為線性變化;液體晃動力隨液體深度和激勵振幅的增加而增加,但達(dá)到一定值后出現(xiàn)飽和。(3)充液系統(tǒng)橫向力出現(xiàn)最大值時對應(yīng)的頻率不同:隨著液體深度的增加,橫向力的極值所對應(yīng)的頻率逐漸減小;但與激勵振幅變化沒有明顯的關(guān)系。介紹了液體晃動的等效力學(xué)模型,以及由頻響函數(shù)得到等效力學(xué)模型各參數(shù)的方法,利用試驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)得出充液系統(tǒng)的頻響函數(shù),與二階等效模型吻合較好�？偨Y(jié)了矩形貯箱內(nèi)液體晃動等效力學(xué)模型的一階晃動質(zhì)量、晃動質(zhì)量的位置和等效彈簧剛度隨液體深度的變化。
[Abstract]:Liquid filling system can be seen everywhere in daily life and engineering, such as liquid tank car, oil tanker, fuel tank, aqueduct, reservoir and so on. Different from solid, there are often great hidden dangers in the application of liquid filling system: under the action of external excitation, the liquid in the tank is easy to oscillate continuously, which changes the pressure distribution on the wall of the box, thus produces the changing sloshing force and sloshing torque of the constrained structure, and has a great influence on the stability of the whole system. Therefore, it is of great application value to study the dynamic characteristics of liquid sloshing in liquid-filled system under external excitation. Based on the rapidly developing medicine box of self-walking sprayer in recent years, the rectangular tank is selected as the research object in this paper. The mechanical properties of rectangular tank filling system under external excitation are studied by means of experiments. In order to obtain the transverse sloshing force and sloshing torque caused by liquid sloshing, two schemes of transverse force test and vertical force test are designed. Considering the influence of inertia force of charge box and bracket, the whole and liquid aspects of liquid filling system are studied respectively, and various factors affecting the mechanical properties of liquid filling system, such as liquid depth, excitation frequency and excitation amplitude, are studied. The experimental data are processed and analyzed, and the effects of liquid depth, excitation frequency and excitation amplitude on the shaking force and torque of the liquid-filled system are obtained. The experimental results show that: (1) the transverse force and the vertical force of the liquid filling system show approximately the same characteristics: with the increase of the excitation frequency, the force increases gradually, and the liquid oscillates violently near the first natural frequency, and the measured force reaches the extreme value, showing obvious nonlinear; After being far from the first order natural frequency, the transverse force and vertical force of the liquid filling system decrease sharply at first and then climb, while the sloshing force of the liquid tends to smooth. (2) the transverse force and vertical force of the liquid filling system increase with the increase of liquid depth and excitation amplitude, which are approximately linear. The liquid sloshing force increases with the increase of liquid depth and excitation amplitude, but saturates when it reaches a certain value. (3) the frequency corresponding to the maximum transverse force of liquid filling system is different: with the increase of liquid depth, the frequency corresponding to the extreme value of transverse force decreases gradually, but it has no obvious relationship with the change of excitation amplitude. The equivalent mechanical model of liquid sloshing and the method of obtaining the parameters of the equivalent mechanical model from the frequency response function are introduced. the frequency response function of the liquid filling system is obtained by using the test data, which is in good agreement with the second order equivalent model. The first order sloshing mass of the equivalent mechanical model of liquid sloshing in rectangular tank, the position of sloshing mass and the variation of equivalent spring stiffness with liquid depth are summarized.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TB12

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