【摘要】：為了解決傳統(tǒng)的被動式的隔振方法在控制船用柴油機振動時性能上的缺陷,滿足人們對船舶振動越來越高的要求,本文設計研制了一款新型的主被動復合隔振器。本文將其設計在傳統(tǒng)的被動式的雙層被動隔振系統(tǒng)基礎之上,增加一個次級力源裝置對系統(tǒng)中間質量輸出激振力,通過適當?shù)目刂扑惴▽Υ渭壖ふ窳M行控制,對被控的振動系統(tǒng)輸入外部能量,減小系統(tǒng)力的傳遞率,以達到振動控制的預定目標。主被動復合隔振器主要由上、下兩層隔振裝置,作為中間質量的中間平臺,以及安裝在中間平臺上的四臺慣性式電磁作動器與功率放大器等設備零件組成。本文的研究工作圍繞著主被動復合隔振器中慣性式電磁作動器設計和主被動復合隔振器整體結構設計展開,深入分析隔振原理,設計出各部分的零件圖,經(jīng)過加工生產(chǎn)出各個部分的零件,并最終裝配成樣機。論文的主要工作包括:1、從隔振的基本原理出發(fā),重點探討兩層隔振系統(tǒng)和雙層主動控制隔振的系統(tǒng)特性,為主被動復合隔振器的設計提供必要的理論依據(jù)。2、完成了慣性式電磁作動器磁路的設計,選用釹鐵硼稀土永磁材料作為作動器磁路中的永磁體,選用10#鋼作為軟磁材料。并使用Ansoft電磁場有限元分析軟件詳細地分析了軛鐵厚度、導磁磁缸厚度和導磁磁缸長度對設計的釹鐵硼永久磁鐵磁路特性的影響。對慣性式電磁作動器彈簧,風扇的重要組成部件進行了計算。依據(jù)仿真與計算的結果,利用AutoCAD軟件對慣性式電磁作動器的各個零件進行了詳細的設計工作,并用Pro/e建模軟件建立了慣性式電磁作動器的二維效果模型。在各個零件加工完成之后,對慣性式電磁作動器進行了了組裝工作,并對其性能進行了詳細的測試工作。測試結果表明四臺慣性式電磁作動器的性能良好,完全可以作為振動主動控制系統(tǒng)的次級激振力。3、確定了肖氏硬度為60～70HS的丁腈橡膠(NBR)作為上下兩層隔振橡膠的材料,并根據(jù)主被動復合隔振器的尺寸,對上下兩層的隔振橡膠組件進行了了設計,并計算出橡膠組件在承載5噸靜載力的情況下的變形量,通過理論計算并對比Ansys的計算結果,表明本文的設計的隔振橡膠組件的變形量完全在允許的范圍內。最后完成了主被動復合隔振器其他部件的設計,并根據(jù)設汁圖紙建立了三維立體模型,各個零件加工完成之后,并對主被動復合隔振器進行了組裝,為振動主動控制試驗做好了充分的前期準備。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the defects of the traditional passive vibration isolation method in controlling the vibration of marine diesel engine and meet the higher and higher requirements of ship vibration, a new type of active and passive composite isolator is designed and developed in this paper. In this paper, it is designed on the basis of the traditional passive double-layer passive vibration isolation system, and a secondary force source device is added to output the excitation force to the intermediate mass of the system, and the secondary excitation force is controlled by the appropriate control algorithm. The external energy is input to the controlled vibration system to reduce the transmission rate of the system force in order to achieve the predetermined goal of vibration control. The active and passive composite isolator is mainly composed of upper and lower two layers of vibration isolator, which is used as the intermediate platform of intermediate mass, as well as four inertial electromagnetic actuators and power amplifiers installed on the intermediate platform. The research work of this paper revolves around the design of inertial electromagnetic actuator and the overall structure design of active and passive composite isolator in active and passive composite isolator. The principle of vibration isolation is deeply analyzed and the part drawings of each part are designed. After processing and production of each part of the parts, and finally assembled into a prototype. The main work of this paper is as follows: 1. Based on the basic principle of vibration isolation, this paper focuses on the characteristics of two-layer vibration isolation system and double-layer active control vibration isolation system, and provides the necessary theoretical basis for the design of passive composite isolator. 2, The design of magnetic circuit of inertia electromagnetic actuator is completed. ND-Fe-B rare earth permanent magnet material is selected as permanent magnet in actuator magnetic circuit and 10 # steel is selected as soft magnetic material. The effects of yoke iron thickness, magnetic cylinder thickness and magnetic cylinder length on the magnetic circuit characteristics of the designed ND-Fe-B permanent magnet are analyzed in detail by using Ansoft electromagnetic field finite element analysis software. The important components of inertia electromagnetic actuator spring and fan are calculated. According to the results of simulation and calculation, the parts of inertial electromagnetic actuator are designed in detail by using AutoCAD software, and the two-dimensional effect model of inertial electromagnetic actuator is established by Pro/e modeling software. After the machining of each part, the inertial electromagnetic actuator is assembled, and its performance is tested in detail. The test results show that the four inertial electromagnetic actuators have good performance and can be used as the secondary excitation force of the active vibration control system. 3, The nitrile rubber (NBR) with Shaw hardness of 60~70HS was determined as the material of the upper and lower two layers of vibration isolation rubber, and according to the size of the active and passive composite isolator, the vibration isolation rubber assembly of the upper and lower layers was designed. The deformation of the rubber assembly under the condition of bearing 5 tons of static load is calculated. Through theoretical calculation and comparison of the calculation results of Ansys, it is shown that the deformation of the vibration isolation rubber assembly designed in this paper is completely within the allowable range. Finally, the design of other components of the active and passive composite isolator is completed, and the three-dimensional model is established according to the juice setting drawings. After the processing of each part, the active and passive composite isolator is assembled. Adequate preparation has been made for the active vibration control test.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB535.1;U664.121

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