【摘要】：智能相機是機器視覺領(lǐng)域的研究熱點之一，它集圖像采集、處理、分析、傳輸?shù)裙δ苡谝惑w，小型化、分布式、網(wǎng)絡(luò)化等特點使其在不同行業(yè)有著廣泛的應(yīng)用前景。論文重點研究了基于Zynq平臺智能相機的前端圖像采集系統(tǒng)，探討了CCD片內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)流傳輸模型、圖像采集系統(tǒng)電路、CCD驅(qū)動邏輯IP核、圖像采集模式、CCD性能參數(shù)評估等關(guān)鍵技術(shù)及其實現(xiàn)方法，主要工作包括： 在深入分析Zynq平臺特性的基礎(chǔ)上規(guī)劃了基于該平臺的智能相機的總體架構(gòu)，完成圖像采集、核心處理控制、以太網(wǎng)通信、顯示、外部存儲等主要功能模塊的劃分，建立了CCD片內(nèi)數(shù)據(jù)流傳輸模，并采用XSVI總線作為通用內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)傳輸接口。 針對ICX618圖像傳感器，設(shè)計了相應(yīng)的CCD驅(qū)動外圍、AD采樣轉(zhuǎn)換、CCD驅(qū)動電源等核心電路模塊，采用CXD1267AN進行CCD三級驅(qū)動電平轉(zhuǎn)換，，AD9949進行圖像信號數(shù)模轉(zhuǎn)換和部分控制信號驅(qū)動。以實現(xiàn)驅(qū)動和采集模式的通用多功能性為目標，采用有限狀態(tài)機描述圖像采集驅(qū)動的復(fù)雜邏輯，通過Verilog硬件描述語言實現(xiàn)具有多模塊復(fù)雜協(xié)同特點的IP核開發(fā)，主要功能模塊包括：CCD曝光、電荷讀出、轉(zhuǎn)移、檢測等不同階段的驅(qū)動時序；AD寄存器SPI配置協(xié)議；XSVI通用內(nèi)部數(shù)據(jù)傳輸接口；彩色Bayer陣列雙線性插值恢復(fù)邏輯。 完成智能相機圖像采集前端系統(tǒng)樣機開發(fā)工作，可實現(xiàn)內(nèi)/外觸發(fā)、單幀/連續(xù)采集、彩色/黑白成像等多種圖像采集模式。對系統(tǒng)的驅(qū)動信號進行了完整性分析，通過暗電流噪聲、響應(yīng)度、動態(tài)范圍等測試進行全面的CCD性能參數(shù)評估，并針對光學(xué)圓標記點檢測進行初步應(yīng)用測試。試驗結(jié)果表明，采集系統(tǒng)圖像性能達到預(yù)期要求，系統(tǒng)架構(gòu)和流程實現(xiàn)方式滿足智能相機功能需求。
[Abstract]:Intelligent camera is one of the research hotspots in the field of machine vision. It integrates image acquisition, processing, analysis, transmission and other functions. Miniaturization, distributed, networking and other characteristics make it have a wide range of application prospects in different industries. This paper focuses on the front-end image acquisition system based on Zynq platform intelligent camera, and discusses the on-chip data flow transmission model of CCD, the circuit of image acquisition system, the IP core of CCD driving logic, and the image acquisition mode. The key technologies such as CCD performance parameter evaluation and their implementation methods include: based on the in-depth analysis of the characteristics of the Zynq platform, the overall architecture of the intelligent camera based on the platform is planned, and the image acquisition and core processing control are completed. By dividing the main functional modules such as Ethernet communication, display, external storage and so on, the data stream transmission model on CCD chip is established, and XSVI bus is used as the general internal data transmission interface. For ICX618 image sensor, the corresponding CCD drive peripheral, AD sampling conversion, CCD drive power supply and other core circuit modules are designed. CXD1267AN is used for CCD three-level drive level conversion, AD9949 for image signal digital-to-analog conversion and partial control signal drive. In order to realize the general versatility of driving and acquisition mode, the complex logic of image acquisition driver is described by finite state machine, and the IP core development with the characteristics of multi-module complex cooperation is realized by Verilog hardware description language. The main functional modules include: CCD exposure, charge readout, transfer, detection and other different stages of the driving timing; AD register SPI configuration protocol; XSVI general internal data transmission interface; color Bayer array bilinear interpolation recovery logic. The prototype of the front-end system of intelligent camera image acquisition can be developed, which can realize many image acquisition modes, such as internal / external trigger, single frame / continuous acquisition, color / black-and-white imaging and so on. The integrity of the driving signal of the system is analyzed, the performance parameters of CCD are evaluated by dark current noise, responsiveness, dynamic range and so on, and the preliminary application test is carried out for the detection of optical circular marking point. The experimental results show that the image performance of the acquisition system meets the expected requirements, and the system architecture and process implementation meet the functional requirements of the intelligent camera.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB852.1

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