【摘要】：隨著提高汽車安全性、穩(wěn)定性及操縱性的相關(guān)技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展，人們對汽車的乘用舒適性提出了更高的要求，，而嚴重降低乘用舒適性的汽車噪聲，受到學術(shù)界及企業(yè)的關(guān)注。經(jīng)過多年的努力，汽車上其他噪聲源已經(jīng)得到較好的控制，因此，筒式液力減振器的異響漸漸成為汽車噪聲中最突出的問題之一，并成為重要的研究課題。 結(jié)構(gòu)異響作為筒式液力減振器異響問題中最突出、最復雜的一種異響，是減振器異響研究中的重點。雖然對其進行了大量的研究，但基于試驗的研究方法缺乏對減振器內(nèi)部流場特性的研究，且由于結(jié)構(gòu)異響形成機理的復雜性，已有的研究在結(jié)構(gòu)異響的振動頻率分布方面并未形成一致的結(jié)論，表明減振器結(jié)構(gòu)異響問題還需進行更深入的研究。 本文以某筒式液力減振器為研究對象，針對引起結(jié)構(gòu)異響的空程沖擊過程及補償閥開啟過程，利用有限元分析技術(shù)分別進行了仿真與分析。具體對筒式液力減振器結(jié)構(gòu)異響問題進行了以下深入研究： ①建立了模擬筒式液力減振器空程沖擊過程的氣液兩相流固耦合模型，同時建立了無空程距離的正常筒式液力減振器模型，并進行仿真計算。文中對油液流經(jīng)空程距離后對活塞桿的沖擊引起的活塞桿軸向振動進行了分析，并與正常減振器的活塞桿軸向振動進行了對比分析，同時對流體模型中的氣液兩相流動進行了詳細分析。 ②建立了補償閥開啟時的減振器流固耦合模型，進行了仿真計算。減振器補償閥開啟時，補償閥彈簧的預緊力及補償閥片的粘附作用導致補償閥片的延遲開啟，對由此造成的阻尼力波動以及活塞桿的軸向振動進行了詳細分析，同時對流體模型中油液的流動特性進行了分析。 ③結(jié)合文中所建立的減振器流固耦合模型，分別對固體有限元數(shù)值理論、流體有限元數(shù)值理論及流固耦合數(shù)值理論進行了介紹，并對模型仿真過程中的難點問題及處理方法進行了重點分析。 本文提出利用有限元方法對減振器異響問題進行深入研究，能更好地對減振器內(nèi)部流場的觀察和解決減振器異響問題，且有限元方法在減振器研究開發(fā)階段更具優(yōu)勢，故研究具有一定的實際工程意義，研究結(jié)果具有一定的應用價值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of related technologies to improve vehicle safety, stability and maneuverability, people put forward higher requirements for vehicle ride comfort, and seriously reduce the vehicle noise of ride comfort, which has attracted the attention of academia and enterprises. After many years' efforts, other noise sources on the automobile have been well controlled. Therefore, the abnormal noise of the cylinder hydraulic shock absorber has gradually become one of the most prominent problems in the automobile noise and has become an important research topic. As one of the most prominent and complicated abnormal noises in cylindrical hydraulic shock absorbers, the structural abnormal noise is the focus of the research on the abnormal sound of shock absorbers. Although a great deal of research has been done on it, the experimental-based research method lacks the research on the internal flow field characteristics of the shock absorber, and because of the complexity of the mechanism of the formation of the abnormal sound of the structure, There is no consistent conclusion on the vibration frequency distribution of the structural abnormal sound, which indicates that the abnormal vibration problem of the vibration absorber needs to be further studied. In this paper, a cylinder type hydraulic shock absorber is taken as the research object, and the finite element analysis technique is used to simulate and analyze the process of air-distance impact and the opening process of compensation valve which cause the structural abnormal sound. The structure of cylindrical hydraulic shock absorber is studied as follows: (1) A gas-liquid two-phase fluid-solid coupling model is established to simulate the air-liquid shock process of cylinder-type hydraulic shock absorber. At the same time, the model of normal cylinder type hydraulic shock absorber without empty distance is established, and the simulation calculation is carried out. In this paper, the axial vibration of piston rod caused by the impact of piston rod is analyzed, and the axial vibration of piston rod is compared with that of normal shock absorber, after the oil flows through the empty distance, the axial vibration of piston rod caused by the impact of piston rod is analyzed and compared with that of normal shock absorber. At the same time, the gas-liquid two-phase flow in the fluid model is analyzed in detail. 2. The fluid-solid coupling model of the damper when the compensation valve is opened is established, and the simulation calculation is carried out. When the damper compensation valve is opened, the pre-tightening force of the compensation valve spring and the adhesion of the compensating valve plate lead to the delayed opening of the compensation valve plate, and the damping force fluctuation and axial vibration of the piston rod are analyzed in detail. At the same time, the flow characteristics of oil in the fluid model are analyzed. 3 the solid finite element numerical theory, fluid finite element numerical theory and fluid-solid coupling numerical theory are introduced in combination with the fluid-solid coupling model established in this paper. The difficult problems in the process of model simulation and the methods to deal with them are analyzed in detail. In this paper, the finite element method is proposed to study the abnormal sound of shock absorber in depth, which can better observe the internal flow field of damper and solve the problem of shock absorber abnormal sound, and the finite element method has more advantages in the research and development stage of shock absorber, and the finite element method has more advantages in the research and development of shock absorber. Therefore, the research has certain practical engineering significance, and the research results have certain application value.
【學位授予單位】：重慶大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB535.1;U461.4

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