【摘要】：柔性材料的機(jī)械結(jié)構(gòu)往往易于產(chǎn)生不必要的振動(dòng),其可導(dǎo)致干擾輻射,影響結(jié)構(gòu)的性能。抑制振動(dòng)的方法可分為被動(dòng)和主動(dòng)兩類,傳統(tǒng)的振動(dòng)被動(dòng)控制無法取得理想的控制效果,而振動(dòng)主動(dòng)控制具有響應(yīng)速度快、自適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)、控制精度高等諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),成為目前振動(dòng)控制領(lǐng)域的研究熱點(diǎn)。將壓電智能材料與振動(dòng)主動(dòng)控制結(jié)合起來,能夠使結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)主動(dòng)控制更具優(yōu)越性。 本文針對(duì)壓電懸臂梁的振動(dòng)控制問題,以一表面粘貼有壓電材料的懸臂梁作為實(shí)驗(yàn)研究對(duì)象,設(shè)計(jì)了基于LABVIEW的振動(dòng)信號(hào)實(shí)時(shí)采集系統(tǒng),并進(jìn)行了振動(dòng)控制實(shí)驗(yàn)。在建模方法上,針對(duì)柔性結(jié)構(gòu)的振動(dòng)普遍存在復(fù)雜性、非線性和建模難的特點(diǎn),本文跳過了復(fù)雜的機(jī)械-電壓建模,采用子空間辨識(shí)算法,從輸入輸出數(shù)據(jù)辨識(shí)出系統(tǒng)的參數(shù),并進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)的理論推導(dǎo)。在控制器設(shè)計(jì)方面,鑒于子空間辨識(shí)方法無需得到系統(tǒng)模型的詳細(xì)參數(shù)就可以得到LQG控制器的最優(yōu)解,所以將子空間辨識(shí)和LQG最優(yōu)控制結(jié)合考慮,進(jìn)行了LQG最優(yōu)控制器的設(shè)計(jì),并給出了程序框圖和算法主要步驟。為了驗(yàn)證算法的有效性,本文采用Matlab設(shè)計(jì)了子空間辨識(shí)仿真測(cè)試,并利用LABVIEW開發(fā)環(huán)境結(jié)合NI USB-6221數(shù)據(jù)采集卡、電荷放大器、PC機(jī)等硬件搭建了振動(dòng)控制實(shí)物實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái),進(jìn)行了振動(dòng)信號(hào)采集、分析、顯示和控制實(shí)驗(yàn)。 實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,該系統(tǒng)能夠?qū)崟r(shí)、有效地對(duì)懸臂梁進(jìn)行振動(dòng)控制,自適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng)、控制精度高、控制效果理想。相比較于其他傳統(tǒng)方法,本文設(shè)計(jì)的控制方法可以在保證模型精確度的基礎(chǔ)上大大降低計(jì)算量,加快了系統(tǒng)的響應(yīng)速度。
[Abstract]:Mechanical structures of flexible materials are often prone to produce unnecessary vibration, which can lead to interference radiation and affect the performance of structures. Vibration suppression methods can be divided into passive and active methods. Traditional passive vibration control can not achieve ideal control effect. Active vibration control has many advantages, such as fast response speed, strong adaptive ability, high control precision and so on. It has become a research hotspot in the field of vibration control. The combination of piezoelectric intelligent material and active vibration control can make the vibration active control of the structure more advantageous. Aiming at the vibration control of piezoelectric cantilever beam, a real-time vibration signal acquisition system based on LABVIEW is designed, and the vibration control experiment is carried out with a cantilever beam with piezoelectric material on the surface as the experimental research object. In view of the complexity, nonlinearity and difficulty in modeling the vibration of flexible structures, this paper skips the complex mechanical-voltage modeling and uses subspace identification algorithm to identify the parameters of the system from the input and output data. And the detailed theoretical derivation is carried out. In the aspect of controller design, since the subspace identification method can get the optimal solution of LQG controller without getting the detailed parameters of the system model, this paper combines subspace identification with LQG optimal control to design the LQG optimal controller. The program block diagram and the main steps of the algorithm are also given. In order to verify the validity of the algorithm, this paper designs a subspace identification simulation test using Matlab, and uses the LABVIEW development environment combined with NI USB-6221 data acquisition card, charge amplifier, PC computer and other hardware to build a physical vibration control experimental platform. Vibration signal acquisition, analysis, display and control experiments are carried out. The experimental results show that the system can control the vibration of cantilever beam in real time and effectively, has strong adaptive ability, high control precision and ideal control effect. Compared with other traditional methods, the control method designed in this paper can greatly reduce the computational complexity and accelerate the response speed of the system on the basis of ensuring the accuracy of the model.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB535

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 孫東昌,王大鈞;梁振動(dòng)控制的分布?jí)弘妴卧╗J];北京大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);1996年05期

2 吳大方,劉安成,麥漢超,房元鵬;壓電智能柔性梁振動(dòng)主動(dòng)控制研究[J];北京航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2004年02期

3 趙國(guó)偉,黃海,夏人偉;柔性自適應(yīng)桁架及其振動(dòng)最優(yōu)控制實(shí)驗(yàn)[J];北京航空航天大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2005年04期

4 陳震;薛定宇;郝麗娜;徐心和;;壓電智能懸臂梁主動(dòng)振動(dòng)最優(yōu)控制研究[J];東北大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2010年11期

5 張京軍;何麗麗;高瑞貞;;基于模型降階的壓電柔性結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力響應(yīng)分析[J];工程力學(xué);2009年07期

6 張京軍;何麗麗;王二成;高瑞貞;;壓電智能結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)主動(dòng)控制傳感器/驅(qū)動(dòng)器的位置優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[J];工程力學(xué);2010年01期

7 司洪偉,李東旭;小波理論在大型空間智能結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)控制中的應(yīng)用[J];國(guó)防科技大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2003年03期

8 楊濟(jì)臣;侯志強(qiáng);王校鋒;;Bernoulli-Euler梁振動(dòng)的人工神經(jīng)元網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制方法[J];海軍航空工程學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2005年04期

9 任興侖,童昕;壓電智能梁振動(dòng)控制的遺傳算法優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)[J];華僑大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(自然科學(xué)版);2002年01期

10 張利;謝毅;計(jì)時(shí)鳴;袁巧玲;;壓電智能結(jié)構(gòu)的柔性梁振動(dòng)主動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)仿真[J];機(jī)電工程;2009年09期

，

本文編號(hào)：2396574