【摘要】：黃河上游史前大洪水與積石峽史前巨型滑坡堰塞湖、及其與中原地區(qū)"大禹治水"和夏王朝的關(guān)系問題,受到中外學(xué)術(shù)界和媒體的廣泛關(guān)注.其中,關(guān)于黃河積石峽古堰塞湖的形成、發(fā)展演變和消亡形式問題,成為地學(xué)家必須準(zhǔn)確回答的前沿性的科學(xué)問題.最近七年來,我們在黃河上游循化盆地、積石峽和官亭盆地進(jìn)行了深入細(xì)致的調(diào)查研究,通過對古滑坡堆積體和堰塞湖厚達(dá)37m沉積物的野外宏觀特征觀測,沉積物磁化率、粒度、地球化學(xué)元素的測定,沉積物成因綜合分析論證,以及光釋光(OSL)技術(shù)斷代,結(jié)果表明積石峽中段狐跳峽巨型滑坡堰塞事件發(fā)生在全新世中期(8.25±0.39)ka.巨大的滑坡堆積體堵塞黃河形成了堰塞湖,它并沒有發(fā)生突然地垮壩潰決形成異常大洪水,而是持續(xù)存在了2600多年.滑坡堰塞壩體受到溢流緩慢的切割,堰塞湖逐漸變淺消亡,期間有反復(fù)地收縮和擴(kuò)張變化,最終在全新世中期(5.65±0.21)ka消失,黃河逐漸貫通.也就是說,積石峽古堰塞湖消亡的年代要早于官亭盆地喇家遺址毀滅廢棄的年代約1800年.在積石峽堰塞壩體下游的調(diào)查,沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)所謂"堰塞湖潰決大洪水"的沉積物.這說明積石峽古堰塞湖的形成演變及其消亡過程與官亭盆地喇家遺址的毀滅廢棄沒有關(guān)系.這些研究結(jié)果,對于揭示青藏高原東北緣黃河上游史前時期自然災(zāi)害發(fā)生的規(guī)律,正確認(rèn)識史前時期的人地關(guān)系發(fā)展演變,準(zhǔn)確回答國際學(xué)術(shù)界和媒體對于黃河上游"堰塞湖潰決大洪水與大禹治水和夏王朝"關(guān)系問題的疑問,具有重要的科學(xué)意義.
[Abstract]:The great prehistoric flood in the upper reaches of the Yellow River and the giant landslide barrier lake in Jishi Gorge, and the relationship between the flood and "Dayu" and the Xia Dynasty in the Central Plains area, have received extensive attention from the academic circles and the media both at home and abroad. Among them, the formation, development, evolution and extinction of the ancient barrier lake in Jishi Gorge of the Yellow River have become the leading scientific questions which must be answered accurately by geologists. In the last seven years, we have conducted a thorough investigation and study in the Xunhua Basin, Jishi Gorge and Guanting Basin in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. By observing the field macroscopic characteristics of the paleo-landslide accumulations and the sediments up to 37 m thick in the barrier lake, the magnetic susceptibility of the sediments has been observed. The grain size, the determination of geochemical elements, the comprehensive analysis of sediment genesis, and the dating of photoluminescence (OSL) technique show that the event of giant landslide plug occurred in the middle part of Jishi Gorge during the middle Holocene (8.25 鹵0.39) ka.. The huge landslide deposit blocked the Yellow River to form a barrier lake, which did not occur a sudden dam collapse and formed an abnormal flood, but lasted for more than 2600 years. The dam body of landslide Weir plug was cut slowly by overflow, and the lake became shallower and died out gradually, during which there were repeated shrinkage and expansion changes, and finally disappeared in the middle Holocene (5.65 鹵0.21) ka, and the Yellow River gradually penetrated through. That is to say, the ancient barrier lake of Jishi Gorge died out earlier than the Lajia ruins in Guanting Basin, about 1800 years ago. In the investigation of the lower reaches of Jishi Gorge Weir Dam, no sediment was found in the so-called "dammed lake outburst flood". This shows that the formation and evolution of the ancient barrier lake in Jishi Gorge and its extinction process have nothing to do with the destruction and abandonment of the Lajia site in Guanting Basin. These results are useful for revealing the laws of natural disasters occurring in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and for correctly understanding the development and evolution of human-land relations in the prehistoric period. It is of great scientific significance to accurately answer the questions raised by the international academic circles and the media about the relationship between the "dammed lake outburst flood and Dayu flood control and the Xia dynasty" in the upper reaches of the Yellow River.
【作者單位】： 西北大學(xué)陜西省地表系統(tǒng)與環(huán)境承載力重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;西北大學(xué)城市與環(huán)境學(xué)院;西北大學(xué)地質(zhì)學(xué)系;陜西師范大學(xué)地理科學(xué)與旅游學(xué)院;青海師范大學(xué)生命與地理科學(xué)學(xué)院;Department
【基金】：國家自然科學(xué)基金項目(批準(zhǔn)號:41771110) 中國博士后基金面上項目(編號:2016M592829)資助
【分類號】：P642.2

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1 郭小花;龍羊峽—劉家峽河段巨型滑坡堵河事件與黃河演化之間的關(guān)系[D];長安大學(xué);2017年

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