【摘要】：我國(guó)大部分金屬和非金屬礦山均采用露天開(kāi)采的開(kāi)采方式,邊坡滑坡是露天礦山最常見(jiàn)的工程地質(zhì)災(zāi)害。露天滑坡的形成除了與邊坡巖體本身的工程及水文地質(zhì)因素有關(guān)外,露天礦長(zhǎng)期重復(fù)的生產(chǎn)爆破是不可忽略的因素。論文以某露天礦生產(chǎn)爆破產(chǎn)生的地震波為研究對(duì)象,通過(guò)對(duì)多臺(tái)階地形的爆破振動(dòng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行觀測(cè),研究了多臺(tái)階地形的爆破地震波傳播規(guī)律、主頻變化規(guī)律和能量分布規(guī)律。以礦山實(shí)際邊坡臺(tái)階參數(shù)與爆破參數(shù)為依據(jù),采用數(shù)值模擬的方法研究了多臺(tái)階的爆破地震波傳播規(guī)律、高程變化下爆破地震波傳播規(guī)律和坡面角度對(duì)爆破地震波傳播規(guī)律影響,并對(duì)臺(tái)階模型進(jìn)行了動(dòng)力響應(yīng)分析及安全振速計(jì)算。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明,隨著高程與爆心距的增加,爆破地震波能量由開(kāi)始集中的兩個(gè)低高頻段逐漸向低頻段轉(zhuǎn)移;坡頂與坡腳處的主頻均隨著高程的增加而不斷減小;隨著高程與爆心距的增加,振速先急劇減小,后由于放大作用衰減速度降低;沿著臺(tái)階坡面等距向上,爆破振速也是呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的趨勢(shì);在同一臺(tái)階平面內(nèi),由正對(duì)爆區(qū)方向測(cè)點(diǎn)向兩側(cè)延伸的情況下,也有放大效應(yīng),并且這種放大效應(yīng)隨高程的增大呈現(xiàn)先增大后減小的趨勢(shì),據(jù)此提出修正后的振速計(jì)算公式。數(shù)值模擬分析發(fā)現(xiàn),在單一高程變化下,爆破振動(dòng)速度隨著高程的增加呈現(xiàn)逐漸減小的趨勢(shì),沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)明顯的高程放大作用;不同坡面角度下,坡面各個(gè)測(cè)點(diǎn)振動(dòng)速度均在初始階段急劇減小,隨后振動(dòng)速度變化開(kāi)始平緩,并伴有放大現(xiàn)象;在保持坡頂與爆源相對(duì)位置不變的情況下,隨著坡面角度的增大,坡頂測(cè)點(diǎn)豎直振動(dòng)速度峰值與其下方測(cè)點(diǎn)豎直振動(dòng)速度峰值不斷減小。在實(shí)驗(yàn)研究與數(shù)值模擬的基礎(chǔ)上,提出坡面角度影響下的表征高程的爆破振動(dòng)速度計(jì)算模型;建立了爆破振動(dòng)速度與剪切應(yīng)力之間的線性關(guān)系,并對(duì)邊坡坡面與坡體內(nèi)部的安全振速進(jìn)行了計(jì)算。
[Abstract]:Most metal and non-metal mines in China adopt open-pit mining. Slope landslide is the most common engineering geological hazard in open-pit mines. In addition to the engineering and hydrogeological factors of slope rock mass, the long-term repeated production blasting of open-pit mine is a factor that can not be ignored. In this paper, the seismic wave produced by blasting in an opencast mine is taken as the research object. By observing the blasting vibration data of multi-step terrain, the propagation law of blasting seismic wave, the law of main frequency variation and the law of energy distribution of multi-step terrain are studied. Based on the actual slope step parameters and blasting parameters, the propagation law of blasting seismic wave with multiple steps is studied by numerical simulation. The propagation law of blasting seismic wave and slope angle influence the propagation law of blasting seismic wave under the change of height, and the dynamic response analysis and safe vibration velocity calculation of the step model are carried out. The experimental results show that the energy of blasting seismic wave shifts gradually from two low frequency bands to low frequency band with the increase of height and the distance between the blasting center and the height, and the main frequency at the top and the foot of the slope decreases with the increase of the height. With the increase of height and the distance between the blasting center and the height, the vibration velocity first decreases sharply, and then decreases because of the magnification. Along the step slope, the blasting vibration velocity increases first and then decreases; in the same step plane, the blasting vibration velocity increases first and then decreases. There is an amplification effect when the measuring point extends to both sides in the direction of the positive blasting zone, and the amplification effect increases first and then decreases with the increase of the height. Based on this, the modified formula for calculating the vibration velocity is put forward. The numerical simulation results show that the blasting vibration velocity decreases gradually with the increase of elevation under the condition of single elevation, and there is no obvious elevation amplification. The vibration velocity of each measuring point on the slope decreases sharply in the initial stage, and then the vibration velocity changes slowly, accompanied by the phenomenon of magnification; while keeping the relative position of the top of the slope and the explosion source unchanged, with the increase of the slope angle, The peak value of vertical vibration velocity at the top measuring point and the vertical vibration velocity at the bottom of the measuring point decreases continuously. On the basis of experimental research and numerical simulation, a calculation model of blasting vibration velocity under the influence of slope angle is proposed, and the linear relationship between blasting vibration velocity and shear stress is established. The safe vibration velocity of slope surface and slope body is calculated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TD235.1

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