【摘要】：滑坡體積精確計算看似簡單實則困難。黃土高原具有植被稀少、巖土暴露程度高、滑坡易發(fā)多發(fā)等特點。本文在充分認識上述特點的基礎上,嘗試采用高精度低空攝影測量技術來精確測算滑坡方量。與傳統(tǒng)計算方法、遙感和三維激光掃描對比,低空攝影具有受各類因素影響較小、作業(yè)靈活、高效、產品精度高等優(yōu)點。本文以甘肅黑方臺黨川2#黃土滑坡為例,在介紹近景攝影測量數(shù)據(jù)獲取方法的基礎上,采用滑坡前后的高精度的低空攝影測量數(shù)據(jù)源和結合現(xiàn)場調查,對該滑坡進行精細測繪,實現(xiàn)"數(shù)字化滑坡"。研究結果表明:(1)滑坡長217m,寬176m,滑坡平均厚度約20m(滑源區(qū)),滑距782m,后緣到前緣的落差122m,影響面積為105216m~2;(2)根據(jù)斜坡各部分滑動和堆積特征,將其細分為崩滑區(qū)、主滑區(qū)、滑塌區(qū)、流通堆積區(qū)、鏟卷堆積區(qū)、擠壓堆積區(qū)、二次堆積區(qū)、粉塵堆積區(qū);(3)以高精度DEM求得,滑動和堆積方量體積分別為31.72×10~4m~3和49.96×10~4m~3;(4)滑坡整體松散系數(shù)為1.411,局部的干密度差別較大,其大小與滑坡發(fā)育特征和運動過程有密切關系。
[Abstract]:It is difficult to calculate landslide volume accurately. The Loess Plateau is characterized by rare vegetation, high exposure to rock and soil, and frequent landslides. On the basis of fully understanding the above characteristics, this paper attempts to use high precision and low altitude photogrammetry to measure the landslide square accurately. Compared with traditional calculation methods remote sensing and 3D laser scanning low-altitude photography has the advantages of less influence by various factors flexible operation high efficiency and high product precision. In this paper, taking the loess landslide in Heifangtai County, Gansu Province as an example, on the basis of introducing the method of obtaining the close-range photogrammetry data, the high-precision low-altitude photogrammetry data source before and after the landslide and the field investigation are used to carry out the fine mapping of the landslide. Realize "digital landslide". The results show that: (1) the landslide is 217m long, 176m wide, the average thickness of landslide is about 20m (source area), the slip distance is 782m, the drop from the back edge to the front edge is 122m.The influence area is 105216mm2; (2) according to the sliding and accumulation characteristics of each part of the slope, the landslide is subdivided into the collapse zone, the main slide area, the slide area, and the landslide area. The volume of sliding and stacking volume is 31.72 脳 10~4m~3 and 49.96 脳 10 ~ (4) m ~ (3), respectively. (4) the overall coefficient of looseness of landslide is 1.411, and the difference of local dry density is large, and the volume of sliding and stacking volume are 31.72 脳 10~4m~3 and 49.96 脳 10 ~ (4) m ~ (-1) respectively. Its size is closely related to the development characteristics and movement process of landslide.
【作者單位】： 地質災害防治與地質環(huán)境保護國家重點實驗室(成都理工大學);
【基金】：國家重點基礎研究計劃(973計劃)項目(2014CB744703) 國家創(chuàng)新研究群體科學基金(41521002) 國家杰出青年科學基金(41225011)資助
【分類號】：P642.22;P231

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