【摘要】：動力裝置軸系的振動會導致噪聲輻射和結構疲勞損傷等問題，尤其是在啟動、停止的變速過程中，，振動會更加嚴重。以往對穩(wěn)態(tài)振動的控制已經有廣泛的理論和應用研究，并且形成了比較成熟的技術。而對變速過程中的非穩(wěn)態(tài)振動的控制，尚缺乏完善的理論分析，也缺乏有效的技術。本論文針對性地開展這方面的研究，建立相關問題的理論模型，提出變剛度動力吸振的技術方案和算法，并結合電機和船舶軸系的縱向振動通過計算仿真進行檢驗。具體研究步驟分為以下幾點： 1、對國內外的動力吸振器變剛度技術的研究現(xiàn)狀和應用現(xiàn)狀進行了論述，就現(xiàn)有的各種技術實現(xiàn)方式的原理、剛度變化范圍、剛度相應速度和適用性等性能進行了分析和比較，特別是對其中重要性能進行了比較深入的分析。 2、以電機啟動過程產生的非平穩(wěn)振動為作為典型問題進行算法研究。分別采用擬穩(wěn)態(tài)控制算法、遺傳算法，運用matlab軟件對該系統(tǒng)進行受迫振動仿真，比較了兩者的優(yōu)缺點，從而提出結合兩者優(yōu)點的改進的擬穩(wěn)態(tài)控制算法，并通過對比分析驗證了該算法的有效性。 3、建立了船舶軸系縱向非平穩(wěn)振動的理論模型。通過對船舶軸系振動計算方法的研究，為某一軸系選擇有效的理論計算方法。將改進的擬穩(wěn)態(tài)控制算法應用于船舶軸系縱振的研究。利用matlab軟件進行對比分析，并驗證該算法的有效性。 通過以上幾點的分析，本文主要獲得的研究成果如下： 1、在變剛度技術的實現(xiàn)發(fā)面，磁流變彈性體的拉伸或剪切模量等可以由磁場或者電流源的改變而連續(xù)變化，通過外部條件的變化，更易于實現(xiàn)半主動控制。特別是針對非穩(wěn)態(tài)振動控制，吸振器的剛度需要產生連續(xù)的變化，此時磁流變式半主動動力吸振器將獲得更好的效果。 2、在變剛度算法的選擇方面，擬穩(wěn)態(tài)控制算法受限于轉速的變化，不能廣泛的適用于各種工況；遺傳算法優(yōu)化變剛度方法根據(jù)實時采集到的不平衡轉子的旋轉速度、旋轉加速度等進行優(yōu)化計算需要一定的響應時間，不能很好地對系統(tǒng)進行實時控制。通過對電機和船舶軸系縱向非穩(wěn)態(tài)振動的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，改進的擬穩(wěn)態(tài)算法能很好的適用非穩(wěn)態(tài)振動的控制，該算法可以得到控制效果，又有效的解決了實時控制中遺傳算法優(yōu)化計算響應時間較長的問題。 本文在研究過程中，首先對變剛度技術的研究現(xiàn)狀和進展進行了論述，不僅可以為半主動振動的控制提供參考，而且在此基礎上，結合電機和船舶軸系縱向的非穩(wěn)態(tài)振動提出了有效的的變剛度方案和算法，很好地解決了非穩(wěn)態(tài)振動的控制問題。
[Abstract]:The vibration of the shafting of the power plant can cause the problems of noise radiation and structural fatigue damage , especially in the process of starting and stopping .

1 . The research status and application situation of the variable stiffness technology of the dynamic vibration absorber at home and abroad are discussed , and the principle , the rigidity change range , the rigidity corresponding speed and the applicability are analyzed and compared in the prior art , especially the important performance is deeply analyzed .

2 . The non - stationary vibration generated by the starting process of the motor is studied as a typical problem . The proposed steady - state control algorithm , genetic algorithm and matlab software are used to simulate the forced vibration of the system . The advantages and disadvantages of the two methods are compared , and the improved quasi - steady - state control algorithm combining the advantages of the two is proposed , and the validity of the algorithm is verified by comparison analysis .

3 . The theoretical model of ship shafting longitudinal non - stationary vibration is established . By studying the method of ship shafting vibration calculation , an effective theoretical calculation method is selected for a shaft system . The improved quasi - steady - state control algorithm is applied to the study of the longitudinal vibration of ship shafting . The comparison and analysis of Matlab software is used to validate the effectiveness of the algorithm .

Through the above analysis , the main research results are as follows :

1 . In the realization of the variable stiffness technology , the tensile or shear modulus of the magneto - rheological elastomer can be continuously changed by the change of the magnetic field or the current source , and the semi - active control can be realized more easily through the change of the external condition . Especially for the unsteady vibration control , the rigidity of the vibration absorber needs to generate continuous change , and at this time , the magneto - rheological semi - active power absorber will achieve better effect .

2 . In the choice of variable stiffness algorithm , quasi - steady state control algorithm is limited by the change of rotational speed , which can not be widely applied to various working conditions .
The optimization of the variable stiffness method based on the genetic algorithm requires a certain response time based on the rotational speed , rotational acceleration and the like of the unbalanced rotor collected in real time . It is found that the improved quasi - steady state algorithm can be applied to the control of the unsteady vibration well . The algorithm can get the control effect and effectively solve the problem that the response time of the genetic algorithm in real - time control is longer .

In this paper , the research status and progress of the variable stiffness technology are discussed firstly , which can not only provide reference for the control of semi - active vibration , but also put forward the effective variable stiffness scheme and algorithm based on the unsteady vibration in the longitudinal direction of the motor and the ship shaft system , and the control problem of the unsteady vibration is well solved .
【學位授予單位】：上海交通大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB535.1

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