【摘要】：隨著旋轉(zhuǎn)機(jī)械向著高轉(zhuǎn)速、輕型化、柔性發(fā)展,以氣體軸承作為轉(zhuǎn)子支承部件的軸承-轉(zhuǎn)子系統(tǒng)在高速透平得到越來(lái)越廣泛的應(yīng)用。本文基于高速透平制冷機(jī)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了氣體靜壓軸承潤(rùn)滑支承下高速轉(zhuǎn)子的振動(dòng)特性與穩(wěn)定性。主要有:1.介紹了轉(zhuǎn)子-軸承系統(tǒng)有限元基礎(chǔ)理論,并對(duì)高速透平制冷機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子建立劃分出軸段、輪盤以及軸承等單元的有限元模型。利用ANSYS有限元分析軟件,對(duì)高速透平膨脹制冷機(jī)的轉(zhuǎn)子進(jìn)行建模與分析。得到不考慮軸承的各向異性與交叉剛度阻尼時(shí)等計(jì)算了轉(zhuǎn)子的臨界轉(zhuǎn)速與振型,考慮了施加在透平輪與壓氣機(jī)輪上四種不平衡激勵(lì)力和軸承各向異性對(duì)轉(zhuǎn)子不平衡響應(yīng)的影響,其中在不同向激勵(lì)力下,轉(zhuǎn)子錐動(dòng)出現(xiàn)了共振分離現(xiàn)象。2.介紹了高速氣體軸承-柔性轉(zhuǎn)子結(jié)構(gòu)軸系實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),實(shí)驗(yàn)系統(tǒng)總體可以劃分為實(shí)驗(yàn)本體、供氣系統(tǒng)、計(jì)算機(jī)控制與數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)等,各系統(tǒng)統(tǒng)一與協(xié)調(diào),并預(yù)留多個(gè)接口,以提高系統(tǒng)可靠性。其中的振動(dòng)信號(hào)數(shù)據(jù)采集分析系統(tǒng),以頻譜分析、三維譜圖、伯德圖、軸心軌跡圖、時(shí)間幅值曲線、分岔圖和時(shí)間轉(zhuǎn)速曲線等多種圖譜進(jìn)行振動(dòng)與動(dòng)力學(xué)分析。3.以實(shí)驗(yàn)為研究手段,對(duì)氣體軸承支承的高速透平膨脹制冷機(jī)轉(zhuǎn)子進(jìn)行相關(guān)穩(wěn)定性研究實(shí)驗(yàn)為手段進(jìn)行高速轉(zhuǎn)子的升速實(shí)驗(yàn),呈現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)子錐動(dòng)分離共振的臨界特性,并呈現(xiàn)了轉(zhuǎn)子半速渦動(dòng)的低頻特征,周期性低頻振蕩現(xiàn)象以及雙低頻現(xiàn)象。通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)的方法驗(yàn)證軸承供氣溫度、彈性阻尼橡膠圈對(duì)于軸承支承的臨界轉(zhuǎn)速,低頻渦動(dòng)、振蕩等穩(wěn)定性的影響,并得出隨著軸承供氣溫度的增加,轉(zhuǎn)子的臨界振幅逐漸增大,而轉(zhuǎn)子的相位并不會(huì)隨之變化,轉(zhuǎn)子低頻響應(yīng)在溫度較高情況下,可抑制低頻振蕩。實(shí)驗(yàn)表明硅膠實(shí)驗(yàn)組轉(zhuǎn)子表現(xiàn)較低的振動(dòng)幅值,提高轉(zhuǎn)子的回轉(zhuǎn)精度,在試驗(yàn)過(guò)程中激發(fā)了軸承的氣膜的低頻特征,由于振動(dòng)邊界較低實(shí)際對(duì)于轉(zhuǎn)子運(yùn)行仍然有一定穩(wěn)定裕度。
[Abstract]:With the development of rotating machinery towards high speed, lightness and flexibility, the bearing-rotor system with gas bearing as the supporting part of rotor has been more and more widely used in high-speed turbine. In this paper, the vibration characteristics and stability of high speed rotor supported by aerostatic bearing lubrication are experimentally studied on the basis of a high speed turbine refrigerator. The main ones are 1: 1. The basic finite element theory of rotor-bearing system is introduced, and the finite element model of shaft segment, wheel disk and bearing element is established for the rotor of high-speed turbine refrigerator. Using ANSYS finite element analysis software, the rotor of high speed turbo expansion refrigerator is modeled and analyzed. The critical speed and mode shape of the rotor are calculated without considering the anisotropy and cross-stiffness damping of the bearing, and the effects of four kinds of unbalanced excitation forces and the anisotropy of the bearing on the rotor unbalance response are considered. Among them, the vibration of rotor cone appears the phenomenon of resonance separation under the different direction excitation force. This paper introduces a high speed gas bearing- flexible rotor structure shafting test bench. The experimental system can be divided into experimental body, gas supply system, computer control and data acquisition system, etc., each system is unified and coordinated, and several interfaces are reserved. To improve the reliability of the system. The vibration signal data acquisition and analysis system is used to analyze vibration and dynamics by spectrum analysis, three-dimensional spectrum, Byrd diagram, axis locus, time-amplitude curve, bifurcation diagram and time-rotational speed curve. By means of experiments, the relative stability of the rotor of high speed turbomachine expansion refrigerator supported by gas bearing is studied. The experiment of raising speed of high speed rotor presents the critical characteristic of rotor conical vibration separation resonance. The low frequency characteristic of rotor half speed vortex, periodic low frequency oscillation and double low frequency phenomenon are also presented. The effects of bearing gas supply temperature, elastic damping rubber ring on the stability of bearing support such as critical speed, low frequency vortex and oscillation are verified by experimental method. It is concluded that the critical amplitude of rotor increases with the increase of bearing gas supply temperature. However, the phase of the rotor does not change, and the low frequency response of the rotor can suppress the low frequency oscillation at higher temperature. The experimental results show that the rotor of silica gel experimental group exhibits lower vibration amplitude and improves the rotary accuracy of the rotor. During the test, the low frequency characteristics of the bearing film are excited. Because of the lower vibration boundary, there is still a certain stability margin for the rotor operation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華北電力大學(xué)(北京)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB651

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