發(fā)布時間：2018-07-08 08:47

  本文選題：超濾 + 組合工藝��； 參考：《天津工業(yè)大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：鹽,不僅是人類存所必須的營養(yǎng)元素,也是化工生產的重要原料。鹽化工行業(yè)的發(fā)展對我國海洋經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展起著至關重要的作用,鹵水中的主要成分氯化鈉,是鹽化工行業(yè)重要基礎原料。近些年海洋污染加劇,由海水濃縮所得的制鹽鹵水中也含有顆粒物、膠體、有機物、礦物質和微生物等污染物,為了保證食用鹽的品質和鹽化工行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展,鹵水凈化就顯得日益重要。與傳統(tǒng)鹵水凈化工藝相比,超濾具有占地面積小、化學污染少、自動化程度高等優(yōu)點,然而膜污染是限制膜推廣和應用的主要問題。膜前進行有效的預處理可以緩解膜污染,因此本文采用混凝氣浮+砂濾+超濾組合工藝處理高濃度制鹽鹵水。評估了不同運行通量及不同預處理條件對不可逆膜污染的影響,結果表明:混凝氣浮+砂濾預處理可有效的緩解不可逆膜污染,20L/m~2·h為推薦運行通量。計算了各處理單元的噸水能耗和鹵水回收率,氣浮單元、砂濾單元、超濾單元的噸水能耗依次為0.26kw · h/m~3、0.19kw · h/m~3、0.12kw·/h/m~3。超濾20L/m~2 · h的鹵水回收率為90%,砂濾和氣浮單元鹵水基本全部回收。分析了單周期膜污染速率影響因素,運行通量越高,單周期膜污染越快,混凝氣浮+超濾預處理可以有效降低單周期膜污染速率。對比了不同處理工藝下的鹵水處理效果,結果表明:混凝氣浮+砂濾對鹵水TOC、濁度、SS都有較好的去除效果,其去除率依次為35.6%～38.9%、38.8%～54.7%和68.7%～73.4%,混凝氣浮+砂濾+超濾對TOC和濁度去除率提高到38.6%～44.2%和99.6%～99.7%;確定了聚合氯化鋁最佳投加量和鹵水在砂濾器內的適宜停留時間,聚合氯化鋁的最佳投加量為30～40ppm,鹵水在砂濾器內的停留時間應為3～3.5min。
[Abstract]:Salt is not only a necessary nutrient for human beings, but also an important raw material for chemical production. The development of salt chemical industry plays an important role in the development of marine economy in China. Sodium chloride, the main component of brine, is an important basic raw material in salt chemical industry. In recent years, marine pollution has intensified, and the salt brine obtained from the concentration of seawater also contains particulate matter, colloid, organic matter, minerals and microorganisms. In order to ensure the quality of edible salt and the healthy development of salt chemical industry, Brine purification is becoming increasingly important. Compared with the traditional brine purification process, ultrafiltration has the advantages of less occupied area, less chemical pollution and higher degree of automation. However, membrane fouling is the main problem limiting the popularization and application of membrane. The membrane fouling can be alleviated by effective pretreatment before membrane, so this paper uses the combined process of coagulation and floating sand ultrafiltration to treat high concentration salt brine. The effects of different operating fluxes and pretreatment conditions on irreversible membrane fouling were evaluated. The results showed that coagulation flotation sand pretreatment could effectively mitigate irreversible membrane fouling for 20 L / m ~ 2 h. The energy consumption of ton water and brine recovery, air floatation unit, sand filter unit and ultrafiltration unit of each treatment unit are calculated in order of 0.26kw h / m ~ (3) ~ 0.19kw / h / m ~ (3) ~ 0.12kw / h ~ (-1) / m ~ (3). The recovery rate of brine in ultrafiltration 20 L / m ~ (2) h is 90%, and that of sand filter and air floatation unit is almost all recovered. The influencing factors of single-cycle membrane fouling rate were analyzed. The higher the running flux, the faster the single-cycle membrane fouling. The coagulation air flotation ultrafiltration pretreatment could effectively reduce the single-cycle membrane fouling rate. The effects of brine treatment under different treatment processes were compared. The results showed that coagulation air flotation sand filter had better removal effect on toc and turbidity SS of brine. The removal rates of TOC and turbidity were 35.6% 38.9% and 68.7% and 73.4%, respectively. The removal rates of TOC and turbidity were increased to 38.6% and 99.6% respectively. The optimum dosage of polyaluminium chloride and the proper residence time of brine in sand filter were determined. The optimum dosage of polyaluminium chloride is 30 ~ 40 ppm, and the residence time of brine in sand filter should be 3 ~ 3. 5 min.
【學位授予單位】：天津工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ028.8;TS392

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