本文選題：高溫爆破 + 爆炸二極管��； 參考：《中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：工程爆破是經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)一項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵技術(shù),廣泛應(yīng)用于交通、水利、煤炭、冶金等諸多國民經(jīng)濟(jì)領(lǐng)域。然而高溫、火區(qū)環(huán)境等惡劣環(huán)境下的爆破卻很有可能由于炸藥的早爆、誤爆帶來極大的人員財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。國內(nèi)外,就高溫火區(qū)環(huán)境提出了不少解決方案,如火區(qū)滅火降溫、耐高溫炸藥、耐高溫爆破器材。但是較少人研究當(dāng)早爆發(fā)生時(shí)如何降低早爆損失。課題組結(jié)合軍用爆炸邏輯網(wǎng)絡(luò),設(shè)計(jì)一種工業(yè)用的起爆邏輯網(wǎng)路,其核心是使用課題組設(shè)計(jì)的一種爆炸二極管。本文設(shè)計(jì)并優(yōu)化了的爆炸二極管是一種能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)穩(wěn)定傳遞從主起爆網(wǎng)路而來的正向爆轟信號(hào)順利起爆炮孔裝藥,可靠阻斷從個(gè)別炮孔意外早爆反向傳遞而來的反向爆轟信號(hào)保護(hù)主起爆網(wǎng)路功能的單向傳爆元件。該爆炸二極管利用傳火元件作為隔爆器件這一核心設(shè)計(jì)思想,以延期體作為正向中傳火元件,反向中隔爆元件,延期體是一種內(nèi)含延期藥鉛柱。在正向傳爆中,利用延期體點(diǎn)燃激發(fā)藥,產(chǎn)生高速飛片撞擊傳爆藥,完成正向爆轟信號(hào)傳遞;反向隔爆中,傳爆藥爆轟撞擊飛片,激發(fā)藥爆轟,然后被阻隔在延期體處。本文除了設(shè)計(jì)該爆炸二極管,還對(duì)其進(jìn)行了參數(shù)優(yōu)化,通過正反對(duì)稱裝藥結(jié)構(gòu),設(shè)計(jì)激發(fā)藥極限藥量實(shí)驗(yàn),給出100%傳爆率下的激發(fā)藥極限藥量20mg;設(shè)計(jì)延期體臨界尺寸實(shí)驗(yàn),給出100%隔爆率下的延期體臨界尺寸4.2mm。通過進(jìn)行傳爆藥藥量實(shí)驗(yàn),得到傳爆藥藥量決定于激發(fā)藥的藥量的結(jié)論。在實(shí)驗(yàn)和爆轟波基本原理結(jié)合非均質(zhì)炸藥沖擊起爆機(jī)理基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了爆炸二極管的機(jī)理研究,提出了正向傳爆數(shù)學(xué)模型和反向隔爆數(shù)學(xué)模型。將正向傳爆分為3個(gè)階段,給出了激發(fā)藥藥量和飛片速度定量關(guān)系,通過定義正向傳爆穩(wěn)定系數(shù),給出了激發(fā)藥藥量和穩(wěn)定系數(shù)間的定量關(guān)系,實(shí)驗(yàn)和計(jì)算結(jié)果都顯示在激發(fā)藥藥量在20mg之上時(shí),都能保證近100%的穩(wěn)定性;將反向隔爆分為3個(gè)階段,通過定義反向隔爆可靠系數(shù),給出了延期體長度與可靠系數(shù)間的定量關(guān)系,實(shí)驗(yàn)和計(jì)算結(jié)果都顯示在延期體長度在4.20mm之上時(shí),都能保證近100%的可靠性。通過建立上述兩個(gè)數(shù)學(xué)模型,給出了爆炸二極管機(jī)理分析,證明爆炸二極管整體的穩(wěn)定傳爆性和可靠隔爆性,為其在工業(yè)上的運(yùn)用和推廣提供了可靠的理論依據(jù)�？紤]到理論是一維的,采用燃燒增長模型結(jié)合LS-DYNA軟件,進(jìn)行了爆炸二極管的三維正向傳爆和反向隔爆數(shù)值模擬,獲得更多的細(xì)節(jié)。特別是針對(duì)正向傳爆中激發(fā)藥藥量和反向隔爆中延期體的長度進(jìn)行了細(xì)致的探討,補(bǔ)充第四章理論計(jì)算細(xì)節(jié)展現(xiàn)上的不足,展現(xiàn)傳爆藥和導(dǎo)爆索中的爆轟發(fā)展過程。激發(fā)藥藥量決定了正向傳爆的穩(wěn)定性,藥量越大,飛片速度也就越大,同時(shí)進(jìn)入傳爆藥的初始撞擊壓力也越大,自然容易正向起爆。結(jié)果顯示激發(fā)藥藥量低于10mg,正向傳爆必然失敗,高于20mg,傳爆藥才能在終面達(dá)到臨界壓力,傳爆成功。延期體長度決定了反向隔爆的可靠性,長度越長,沖擊波衰減程度越大,在導(dǎo)爆索中產(chǎn)生的撞擊壓力越小,越容易反向隔爆成功。結(jié)果顯示延期體長度低于4mm,反向隔爆必然失敗,高于5mm,隔爆必然成功。進(jìn)行了飛片測速實(shí)驗(yàn),飛片速度實(shí)驗(yàn)值和模擬值在低藥量較為一致,實(shí)驗(yàn)值和理論值在高藥量差距較大的原因是理論沒有考慮飛片破損以及側(cè)向爆轟氣體溢出的影響。
[Abstract]:Engineering blasting is a key technology in economic construction, which is widely used in many national economic fields, such as transportation, water conservancy, coal, metallurgy and so on. However, the explosion in the harsh environment such as high temperature, fire area and so on is likely to be caused by the early explosion of explosives, which brings great loss of personnel property. At home and abroad, many solutions have been put forward on the environment of high temperature fire area. The scheme, such as fire extinguishing and cooling, high temperature resistant explosive and high temperature blasting equipment. But few people study how to reduce early explosion loss when early detonating occurs. The project group combines military explosion logic network to design an industrial explosive logic network, its core is to use a kind of explosive diode set up by the project group. This paper has designed and optimized this paper. The explosive diode is a kind of unidirectional detonating element that can reliably pass the forward detonation signal from the main detonating network, which can reliably block the function of the main detonating network to protect the main detonating network. In this core design, the delay body is used as the forward fire element, the reverse medium explosion-proof element and the delay body are a kind of delayed lead column. In the forward detonation, the delay body is used to ignite the excitation drug, and the high speed flyer impact detonator can be produced to complete the forward detonation signal transmission; in the reverse flameproof, the detonation bombardment impact the flyer and stimulate the explosive. In addition to the design of the explosion diode, this paper also optimizes the parameters of the explosive diode. Through the positive and negative symmetrical charge structure, the ultimate dose experiment of the excitation drug is designed, and the limit charge 20mg of the excitation drug under the 100% transmission rate is given. The critical size experiment of the delay body is designed and the critical size of the delay body under the 100% explosion rate is given. Through the experiment of the dose of detonating drug, 4.2mm. has obtained the conclusion that the amount of the explosive charge is determined by the amount of the stimulant. On the basis of the experiment and the basic principle of detonation wave, the mechanism of the explosion diode is studied on the basis of the impact initiation mechanism of the inhomogeneous explosive, and the forward detonating mathematical model and the reverse detonating mathematical model are put forward. For the 3 stage, the quantitative relationship between the dosage of the stimulant drug and the velocity of the flyer is given. By defining the positive detonation stability coefficient, the quantitative relationship between the dosage of the stimulant drug and the stability coefficient is given. Both the experiment and the calculated results show that the stability of the drug can be guaranteed to be nearly 100% when the dose of the stimulant drug is above 20mg, and the reverse flameproof is divided into 3 stages. The relationship between the length of the delay body and the reliability coefficient is given. The experimental and calculation results show that the reliability of the explosive diode is nearly 100% when the length of the delay body is above 4.20mm. By establishing the two mathematical models mentioned above, the mechanism analysis of the explosion diode is given and the stable transmission of the whole explosion diode is proved. Detonation and reliable flameproof provide a reliable theoretical basis for its application and popularization in industry. Considering that the theory is one dimension, the numerical simulation of the three-dimensional forward and reverse detonating of the explosive diode is carried out with the combustion growth model combined with the LS-DYNA software, and more details are obtained. Especially, it is aimed at the stimulant in the forward detonation. The length of the delay body in the dosage and the reverse flameproof is carefully discussed, and the fourth chapters are supplemented by the lack of theoretical calculation and the development of detonation in the detonator and the detonator. The amount of the stimulant drug determines the stability of the forward detonation, the greater the dosage, the greater the speed of the flyer, and the initial impact pressure of the detonator. The results show that the force is greater and the natural detonation is easy to detonate. The result shows that the dosage of the stimulator is less than 10mg, the forward detonation is inevitable, and the positive detonation is higher than 20mg. The detonator can reach the critical pressure at the final surface. The length of the delay body determines the reliability of the reverse explosion. The longer the length is, the more the shock wave attenuation, the more the impact pressure produced in the detonator. The results show that the length of the delay body is less than 4mm, the reverse flameproof is inevitable and the flameproof is more successful than 5mm. The experiment of flyer velocity measurement is carried out. The experimental value and the simulated value of the flyer velocity are the same in the low dose. The reason that the experimental value and the theoretical value are high in the high dose is that the theory does not consider flyer breakage. And the effect of the spillover of the side detonation gas.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TB41

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