變厚度板超聲導(dǎo)波檢測(cè)理論與技術(shù)
本文選題:超聲導(dǎo)波 + 變厚度板 ; 參考:《北京理工大學(xué)》2014年博士論文
【摘要】:變厚度板以其強(qiáng)度高質(zhì)量輕環(huán)境適應(yīng)能力強(qiáng),能在滿(mǎn)足結(jié)構(gòu)安全和力學(xué)性能要求的前提下,降低結(jié)構(gòu)質(zhì)量和成本,被廣泛應(yīng)用于航空航天船舶汽車(chē)等工業(yè)生產(chǎn)和生活領(lǐng)域但由于受到制造和使用中的外部載荷和外部復(fù)雜環(huán)境作用產(chǎn)生的腐蝕性凹坑和裂紋等缺陷的破壞,使變厚度板的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性遭到嚴(yán)重破壞,甚至產(chǎn)生機(jī)體斷裂等安全事故,對(duì)產(chǎn)品的使用安全造成嚴(yán)重威脅由于超聲導(dǎo)波對(duì)板ξ尤其是薄板中缺陷比較敏感,被認(rèn)為是變厚度板缺陷檢測(cè)最有發(fā)展?jié)摿Φ臋z測(cè)技術(shù)手段然而,由于對(duì)厚度變化造成的導(dǎo)波傳播規(guī)律異常復(fù)雜現(xiàn)象尚未展開(kāi)深入的研究,因此,導(dǎo)致目前在超聲導(dǎo)波與缺陷的相互作用機(jī)理分析方面存在較大困難 本文以變厚度板中的裂紋缺陷為超聲導(dǎo)波量化檢測(cè)對(duì)象,以超聲導(dǎo)波為主要技術(shù)手段,通過(guò)對(duì)變厚度板中的導(dǎo)波傳播規(guī)律進(jìn)行深入研究,提出了相關(guān)的量化檢測(cè)方法主要思路為總體上針對(duì)變厚度板特點(diǎn),采用不同類(lèi)型導(dǎo)波分別對(duì)斜面板頻厚積小于2.3MHz-mm薄端部分和頻厚積大于2.3MHz-mm厚端部分進(jìn)行檢測(cè),完成斜面板缺陷的檢測(cè)和量化具體實(shí)施過(guò)程中采用位移勢(shì)函數(shù)法結(jié)合邊界條件,求解以彈性理論為基礎(chǔ)建立的變厚度板平面應(yīng)變波動(dòng)方程,得到了具有多模式和頻散特性的導(dǎo)波頻散方程和頻散曲線(xiàn),在此前提下,以有限元仿真技術(shù)為研究手段,分析了不同激勵(lì)條件下的變厚度板中導(dǎo)波傳播特性以及缺陷對(duì)導(dǎo)波的影響基于表面波傳播理論,以有限元仿真技術(shù)為手段,分析了表面波在變厚度板厚度大于3倍表面波波長(zhǎng)區(qū)域的傳播特性以及缺陷對(duì)表面波的影響綜合應(yīng)用時(shí)頻域分析方法的對(duì)導(dǎo)波模式成分和模式轉(zhuǎn)換情況進(jìn)行研究,在獲取能表征缺陷大小特征參數(shù)的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)缺陷檢測(cè)的目標(biāo)基于換能器陣列技術(shù)搭建多通道換能器陣列檢測(cè)系統(tǒng)實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)缺陷形位的綜合檢測(cè),并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)驗(yàn)證了該系統(tǒng)的檢測(cè)效果具體研究?jī)?nèi)容概括如下 (1)第2章,以平板Lamb理論模型及傳播特性為指導(dǎo),基于波動(dòng)動(dòng)力學(xué)有限元基本原理,通過(guò)對(duì)二維波動(dòng)方程的有限元建模過(guò)程和結(jié)果的分析,提出了平面薄板的有限元模型參數(shù)和邊界設(shè)置方法,為后續(xù)研究奠定技術(shù)和理論基礎(chǔ)在獲取和分析導(dǎo)波頻散特性和模態(tài)的基礎(chǔ)上,通過(guò)對(duì)相關(guān)有限元參數(shù)的選擇建模和求解,分析了不同激勵(lì)方式下的導(dǎo)波模態(tài)以及缺陷對(duì)導(dǎo)波的影響,通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)方法驗(yàn)證了所建模型的正確性 (2)第3章,基于平面應(yīng)變理論建立了變厚度板導(dǎo)波傳播的數(shù)學(xué)模型,采用位移勢(shì)函數(shù)法結(jié)合邊界條件求解波動(dòng)方程獲取了變厚度板的頻散方程和頻散曲線(xiàn)通過(guò)對(duì)不同部位不同激勵(lì)方式下的導(dǎo)波模式以及聲速衰減分析,獲取了變厚度板中導(dǎo)波的傳播規(guī)律角度和激勵(lì)頻率及缺陷對(duì)導(dǎo)波的影響,最后通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)方式驗(yàn)證了所建立模型的正確性 (3)第4章,通過(guò)分析表面波基本理論和傳播規(guī)律,分析了斜面板表面波的傳播規(guī)律和角度對(duì)表面波的影響,在分析表面波與缺陷相互作用的基礎(chǔ)上,建立了缺陷對(duì)聲表面波的作用模型 (4)第5章,基于時(shí)頻域分析方法,對(duì)超聲導(dǎo)波的模式和模式轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)律情況進(jìn)行分析,提出了基于激勵(lì)S0模式接收A0模式導(dǎo)波的缺陷識(shí)別及特征參數(shù)提取方法針對(duì)表面波信號(hào)則提出了基于橫波反射信號(hào)的缺陷識(shí)別及特征參數(shù)提取方法,通過(guò)人工缺陷的檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明所提出的方法與理論吻合度較好 (5)第6章,基于缺陷形位檢測(cè)的需求,結(jié)合單換能器聲場(chǎng)特性和橢圓定位原理,,搭建了多通道陣列超聲檢測(cè)系統(tǒng),并開(kāi)展了平板和變厚度板缺陷的檢測(cè)實(shí)驗(yàn)工作,結(jié)果表明該系統(tǒng)能夠有效識(shí)別缺陷的位置和幾何形態(tài)
[Abstract]:The variable - thickness plate has strong adaptability to the high - quality light environment with high strength , can reduce the structural quality and cost under the premise of meeting the requirements of structural safety and mechanical property , and is widely applied to the fields of industrial production and life such as aerospace ship automobiles and the like .
Based on the theory of finite element simulation , this paper analyzes the propagation characteristics of the surface wave in the variable thickness plate and the influence of the defect on the surface wave . The method is based on the theory of finite element simulation . The method is used to construct the multi - channel transducer array detection system based on the elastic theory . The method is used to construct the multi - channel transducer array detection system based on the transducer array technology .
( 1 ) In chapter 2 , the finite element model parameters and boundary setting method of planar thin plate are presented based on the theory of plate Lamb theory and propagation characteristics . Based on the analysis of the finite element modeling process and the results of the two - dimensional wave equation , the influence of the guided modes and the defects on the guided wave in different excitation modes is analyzed by selecting and solving the relevant finite element parameters . The correctness of the model is verified by the experimental method .
( 2 ) In chapter 3 , based on plane strain theory , a mathematical model of variable thickness plate guided wave propagation is established . The dispersion equation and dispersion curve of variable thickness plate are obtained by using displacement potential function method in combination with boundary conditions . The influence of propagation law angle and excitation frequency and defect on guided wave in variable thickness plate are obtained . Finally , the correctness of the model is verified experimentally .
( 3 ) In chapter 4 , by analyzing the basic theory and propagation law of surface waves , the influence of the propagation law and angle of the surface wave on the surface wave is analyzed . On the basis of analyzing the interaction between the surface wave and the defect , the effect model of the defect on the surface acoustic wave is established .
( 4 ) In chapter 5 , based on the time domain analysis method , the mode and mode conversion law of ultrasonic guided wave is analyzed , and the defect recognition and characteristic parameter extraction method based on excitation S0 mode receiving A0 mode guided wave is put forward , and the defect recognition and characteristic parameter extraction method based on the transverse wave reflection signal is proposed for the surface wave signal .
( 5 ) In chapter 6 , based on the requirement of defect - shaped position detection , a multi - channel array ultrasonic detection system is built based on the sound field characteristic and the ellipse positioning principle of single transducer , and the detection experiment of the defect of flat plate and variable thickness plate is carried out , and the result shows that the system can effectively identify the position and the geometry of the defect .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:TB553
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