本文選題：生物質(zhì)緩沖包裝材料　切入點：材料配伍　出處：《山東大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：生物質(zhì)全降解包裝材料以植物纖維、淀粉為主料并添加一定的輔料通過特殊工藝制備而成,具有原料來源廣、成本低廉、全生命周期環(huán)境無污染等優(yōu)點,屬于一種新型的綠色環(huán)保包裝材料,被認為是取代目前塑料類、紙漿模塑類等緩沖包裝材料的理想替代品,其成分配伍、成型工藝等相關研究一直是國內(nèi)外學者研究的熱點和難點。 目前制約產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展的兩大關鍵問題是：第一,增加纖維含量,可降低成本,提高制品力學性能,但同時也會導致漿料流變性降低,不僅影響漿料的輸送注射,發(fā)泡成型的合格率也將受到影響；第二,為獲得更理想的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、提高制品緩沖性能,要求對生物質(zhì)材料的漿料成型過程精確控制,這給相關機理的研究帶來了更高的要求。針對以上瓶頸問題,本文從漿料配伍、漿料流變性及成型特性、模具開發(fā)三個方面進行了研究。 首先是漿料配伍的進一步優(yōu)化：針對制品材料的主要原材料如纖維、淀粉、水、填料等,分析了其在材料成型過程中的理化反應機理及在材料制品理化性能中所承擔的作用,并以此為基礎優(yōu)化了配伍中的材料配方及相關配料工藝,如纖維的堿化洗水處理,淀粉的塑化控制,填料的種類替換,減水工藝的開發(fā)等。在逐步提高制品性能的基礎上,通過對配伍的優(yōu)化改良研究,充實了課題的理論基礎,提高了材料的成型效率與成型穩(wěn)定性。 其次是緩沖包裝材料制備過程中漿料流變性及成型特性的研究：本文將生物質(zhì)緩沖包裝材料的制備過程劃分為漿料階段、發(fā)泡成型階段、產(chǎn)品及后續(xù)加工階段三個階段。漿料階段,本文結(jié)合具體的生產(chǎn)工藝條件研究了漿料在管道輸送階段的流變特性,為后續(xù)輸料方式、輸料設備的開發(fā)以及配方的混配優(yōu)化提供了理論支持；發(fā)泡成型階段分析了材料的型腔流動特點,通過型腔內(nèi)的成型占比正交實驗,分析了纖維質(zhì)量比、水質(zhì)量比、木質(zhì)素磺酸鈉質(zhì)量比、淀粉質(zhì)量比等主要因素對漿料的型腔流動特性的影響順序；產(chǎn)品及后續(xù)處理階段針對產(chǎn)品微觀結(jié)構(gòu)、物理性能、成本分析、降解機制等制訂了逆向回溯研究方案。 最后是新型模具的改良開發(fā)：本文根據(jù)生物質(zhì)材料模壓發(fā)泡的成型特點,總結(jié)了其對注塑模具的性能需求并對目前主要使用的相關模具進行了現(xiàn)狀調(diào)查及缺陷研究；開發(fā)了一套新型的疊片嵌套式模具,分析了其的設計方案及相應改良,并根據(jù)實際生產(chǎn)使用過程闡述了新型模具的使用效果,最后根據(jù)實際生產(chǎn)需求提出了模具的進一步改良方案。 本文結(jié)合實際生產(chǎn)問題及現(xiàn)有研究基礎,主要從生物質(zhì)緩沖包裝材料的漿料配伍、成型過程、模具開發(fā)三個方面進行了更深入的研究。新的探索將為配方的改良、工藝的優(yōu)化、材料性能的提升提供更多的理論依據(jù)與技術方案,也將為相應設備的開發(fā)及新材料的產(chǎn)業(yè)化推廣提供更多的支持。
[Abstract]:The total biodegradable packaging material of biomass is made of plant fiber, starch as main material and certain auxiliary materials prepared by special technology. It has the advantages of wide source of raw materials, low cost, no pollution of the whole life cycle environment, and so on. Is a new type of green packaging materials, is considered to replace the current plastic, pulp molding and other cushioning packaging materials ideal substitute, its composition compatible, Molding technology and other related research has been the focus and difficulty of scholars at home and abroad. At present, the two key problems that restrict the development of industry are: first, increasing fiber content can reduce the cost and improve the mechanical properties of the products, but at the same time, it will also lead to the decrease of rheology of the slurry, which not only affects the delivery and injection of the slurry, The qualified rate of foaming molding will also be affected. Secondly, in order to obtain more ideal microstructure and improve the cushioning performance of products, it is necessary to accurately control the slurry molding process of biomass materials. In view of the above bottleneck problems, this paper studies the compatibility of slurry, rheological properties and molding characteristics of slurry, and the development of die. First of all, the further optimization of slurry compatibility: in view of the main raw materials such as fiber, starch, water, filler and so on, the physical and chemical reaction mechanism and the role in the physical and chemical properties of the material products were analyzed. On the basis of this, we optimized the material formula and related ingredients technology in compatibility, such as the alkali washing water treatment of fiber, the plasticizing control of starch, the type replacement of filler, the development of water reducing process, etc. On the basis of improving the properties of the products gradually, By optimizing and improving the compatibility, the theoretical basis of the subject is enriched, and the molding efficiency and stability of the material are improved. Secondly, the rheological properties and molding characteristics of slurry during the preparation of cushioning packaging materials are studied. In this paper, the preparation process of biomass cushioning packaging materials is divided into slurry stage and foaming stage. In this paper, the rheological characteristics of slurry in pipeline transportation stage are studied in combination with specific production process conditions. The development of the feeding equipment and the optimization of the mixing formula provide theoretical support. In the foaming stage, the characteristics of the material flow in the mold cavity are analyzed, and the fiber mass ratio and water mass ratio are analyzed by the orthogonal experiment of the forming ratio in the mold cavity. The influence order of the main factors such as the quality ratio of sodium lignosulfonate and the ratio of starch quality to the flow characteristics of the slurry cavity, the analysis of the microstructure, physical properties and cost of the product, Degradation mechanism and so on developed reverse backtracking research program. Finally, it is the improvement development of the new mould: according to the molding characteristics of the biomass material moulding, this paper summarizes the performance demand of the injection mould, and carries on the present situation investigation and the flaw research to the related mold which is mainly used at present; A new type of laminated nested die is developed, its design scheme and corresponding improvement are analyzed, and the application effect of the new mould is expounded according to the actual production and use process. Finally, according to the actual production needs, the further improvement scheme of the mould is put forward. In this paper, based on the practical production problems and the existing research basis, more in-depth research has been carried out mainly from three aspects: slurry compatibility, molding process and mould development of biomass buffer packaging materials. The new exploration will be the improvement of the formula. The optimization of technology and the improvement of material properties will provide more theoretical basis and technical scheme, and will also provide more support for the development of corresponding equipment and the industrialization of new materials.
【學位授予單位】：山東大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB484

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