本文關鍵詞： 高壓水射流清洗 靶面距離 曲面響應法 回歸方程 靜力學分析　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：由于高壓水射流清洗具有去污能力強，效率高，成本低，便于機械控制等特點，高壓水射流常用于清洗管道和貯箱。本課題針對我國長征運載火箭貯箱內(nèi)部的多余物清洗，對高壓水射流原理進行研究并進行相應的實驗驗證。依據(jù)高壓水射流清洗方法的優(yōu)點，可應用于大型罐體內(nèi)壁的清洗。本文對高壓水射流中水流的壓力和速度分布，噴射過程中靶面距離的選擇，噴嘴參數(shù)的設計和打擊到靶面應力應變的分布規(guī)律進行仿真研究及實驗驗證。高壓水射流清洗的仿真研究對促進我國運載火箭的多余物去除具有重要的意義。 首先，本文以高壓水射流清洗為研究對象，根據(jù)流體力學理論分析了水射流噴射過程中流體的動態(tài)特性，包括壓力和速度等，為后續(xù)的研究奠定了基礎。 其次，建立了高壓水射流清洗噴射的有限元仿真模型。研究了發(fā)現(xiàn)靶面距離對高壓水射流的影響機制。獲得不同靶面距離下，，靶面上壓力和速度分布規(guī)律。此外，根據(jù)靶面的壓力和速度分布規(guī)律，計算高壓水射流有效打擊力的面積。獲得了噴嘴在不同傾斜角度下噴射時，靶面上速度和壓力的分布規(guī)律。 然后，建立了高壓水射流清洗噴射中噴嘴的有限元仿真模型。研究噴嘴內(nèi)部水射流的流動狀態(tài)，即速度和壓力的分布規(guī)律。解釋了噴嘴中的空化現(xiàn)象產(chǎn)生的原因和造成的影響。采用響應曲面法對仿真數(shù)據(jù)進行處理，擬合兩個二次回歸方程，對所得到的回歸方程進行檢驗，證實方程的準確性。 最后，建立了高壓水射流清洗機構的有限元仿真模型。通過對機構進行靜力學有限元仿真分析，獲得機構的變形量和應力應變的分布規(guī)律。保證高壓水射流機構受力平衡，以變形量最小條件為標準，選取噴嘴的安裝方式，并計算水射流機構變形量和內(nèi)部應力應變的大小。在泵的壓力提高情況下，研究水射流機構的最大變形量，計算機構承受清洗的最大壓力值。通過高壓水射流噴射有限元模型的仿真結(jié)果，得到高壓水射流的壓力分布曲線和高壓水射流的壓力分布方程，對靶面進行仿真，獲得靶面的最大變形量。
[Abstract]:Since high pressure water jet cleaning has the characteristics of strong decontamination ability, high efficiency, low cost and convenient for mechanical control, high pressure water jet is often used to clean pipes and storage tanks. The principle of high pressure water jet is studied and the corresponding experimental verification is carried out. According to the advantages of high pressure water jet cleaning method, it can be used to clean the inner wall of large tank. The pressure and velocity distribution of water flow in high pressure water jet are studied in this paper. How to choose the distance between the targets in the process of injection, The design of nozzle parameters and the distribution of stress and strain on the target surface are simulated and verified by experiments. The simulation study of high pressure water jet cleaning is of great significance to promote the removal of excess material of launch vehicle in China. Firstly, in this paper, high pressure water jet cleaning is taken as the research object, and the fluid dynamic characteristics, including pressure and velocity, are analyzed according to the theory of hydrodynamics, which lays a foundation for further research. Secondly, the finite element simulation model of high pressure water jet cleaning injection is established. The influence mechanism of target distance on high pressure water jet is studied. The distribution of pressure and velocity on target surface under different target distance is obtained. According to the pressure and velocity distribution of the target surface, the area of the effective impact force of the high pressure water jet is calculated, and the distribution of velocity and pressure on the target surface is obtained when the nozzle is ejected at different inclined angles. Then, the finite element simulation model of the nozzle in the high pressure water jet cleaning injection is established, and the flow state of the water jet inside the nozzle is studied. That is, the distribution of velocity and pressure. The causes and effects of cavitation in the nozzle are explained. The simulation data are processed by using the response surface method, and the two quadratic regression equations are fitted, and the obtained regression equations are tested. Verify the accuracy of the equation. Finally, the finite element simulation model of the high pressure water jet cleaning mechanism is established. Through the static finite element simulation analysis of the mechanism, the distribution law of the deformation and stress strain of the mechanism is obtained, and the force balance of the high pressure water jet mechanism is ensured. With the minimum deformation condition as the standard, the installation mode of the nozzle is selected, and the amount of deformation and the internal stress and strain of the water jet mechanism are calculated. The maximum deformation of the water jet mechanism is studied under the condition of increasing the pump pressure. The pressure distribution curve of high pressure water jet and the pressure distribution equation of high pressure water jet are obtained through the simulation results of the finite element model of high pressure water jet injection, and the target surface is simulated. The maximum deformation of the target surface is obtained.
【學位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：TB490

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