本文關(guān)鍵詞： 設(shè)備性能 在線監(jiān)測(cè) 能耗 優(yōu)化 GA NSGA-II　出處：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：能源作為當(dāng)今世界最熱門的主題之一，已經(jīng)受到各個(gè)國(guó)家乃至國(guó)際組織的重視。如何減低能源消耗并提高能源的利用率已經(jīng)成為目前生產(chǎn)制造企業(yè)面臨的重點(diǎn)，，同時(shí)也是難點(diǎn)之一。另一方面，在生產(chǎn)制造系統(tǒng)中，設(shè)備的性能不僅影響到生產(chǎn)加工的質(zhì)量，而且對(duì)車間的能源消耗有著至關(guān)重要的影響。因此，本文對(duì)考慮設(shè)備性能的車間能耗優(yōu)化方法的研究對(duì)指導(dǎo)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)企業(yè)進(jìn)行車間能效管理具有重要意義。 以一臺(tái)Haas VF-2數(shù)控加工中心作為實(shí)驗(yàn)對(duì)象，通過(guò)對(duì)能直接反應(yīng)設(shè)備加工性能的刀具的磨損過(guò)程的研究來(lái)分析設(shè)備性能變化的過(guò)程，選取了PVC涂層刀具切削45號(hào)鋼的加工過(guò)程，設(shè)計(jì)了實(shí)驗(yàn)的具體方案；從硬件系統(tǒng)和軟件兩個(gè)方面，對(duì)加工過(guò)程數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì)和開發(fā)，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)刀具磨損實(shí)驗(yàn)過(guò)程中機(jī)床主軸振動(dòng)以及功率數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行實(shí)時(shí)的采集、顯示和存儲(chǔ)；設(shè)計(jì)了正交試驗(yàn)進(jìn)行刀具磨損試切實(shí)驗(yàn)，實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的可行性，同時(shí)為加工參數(shù)和實(shí)驗(yàn)流程的確定提供了支撐。 給出了刀具磨損量測(cè)量的實(shí)驗(yàn)方案，并分析了刀具磨損的測(cè)量結(jié)果，同時(shí)對(duì)刀具磨損過(guò)程中采集到的主軸X軸方向和Y軸方向振動(dòng)以及機(jī)床的功率信號(hào)進(jìn)行了分析，采用曲線擬合法對(duì)振動(dòng)-磨損的具體函數(shù)關(guān)系進(jìn)行了分析，提出了基于振動(dòng)信號(hào)的設(shè)備性能在線監(jiān)測(cè)方法，并通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果驗(yàn)證了該方法的可行性及有效性；通過(guò)分析加工功率隨時(shí)間的變化，建立了設(shè)備性能衰退過(guò)程中的加工功率-時(shí)間模型。 在對(duì)實(shí)際作業(yè)車間調(diào)度問(wèn)題進(jìn)行分析和描述的基礎(chǔ)上，建立了調(diào)度時(shí)間模型；通過(guò)將能耗分成加工能耗、調(diào)整能耗、運(yùn)輸能耗、等待能耗和公共能耗五個(gè)部分，對(duì)車間能耗模型進(jìn)行了建立；提出了通過(guò)采用基于加權(quán)的GA和NSGA-II對(duì)車間優(yōu)化調(diào)度問(wèn)題進(jìn)行求解，并對(duì)編碼、解碼以及遺傳操作過(guò)程進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)地介紹。這兩種算法適用于不同的實(shí)際情況，滿足了不同企業(yè)對(duì)車間能耗優(yōu)化的不同需求。 選取哈市某刀具生產(chǎn)作業(yè)車間作為應(yīng)用背景，對(duì)作業(yè)車間模型的參數(shù)進(jìn)行詳細(xì)地設(shè)定，在此基礎(chǔ)上分別采用基于加權(quán)的GA和NSGA-II對(duì)所研究的作業(yè)車間進(jìn)行考慮設(shè)備性能的車間能耗優(yōu)化，優(yōu)化結(jié)果表明，基于加權(quán)的GA可以通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)權(quán)重對(duì)優(yōu)化目標(biāo)的側(cè)重點(diǎn)進(jìn)行控制；而NSGA-II可以得到多組的可行優(yōu)解供管理者直接選取合適的方案。最后，通過(guò)對(duì)能耗優(yōu)化過(guò)程中五部分能耗的變化規(guī)律分析表明，考慮隨著設(shè)備性能的變化設(shè)備加工功率隨時(shí)間變化的情況下，對(duì)車間能耗進(jìn)行優(yōu)化更符合實(shí)際生產(chǎn)過(guò)程的能耗變化，因此優(yōu)化結(jié)果更具有實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值。 本文以數(shù)據(jù)采集系統(tǒng)的搭建為基礎(chǔ)，提出了基于振動(dòng)信號(hào)的設(shè)備性能在線監(jiān)測(cè)方法，并應(yīng)用該方法實(shí)現(xiàn)了設(shè)備性能衰退過(guò)程中的加工功率-時(shí)間模型的建立，將該模型結(jié)合到車間能耗模型中，提出了考慮設(shè)備性能的車間能耗優(yōu)化方法，對(duì)實(shí)際制造生產(chǎn)系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行能效管理具有十分重要的實(shí)際應(yīng)用價(jià)值和指導(dǎo)意義。
[Abstract]:As one of the most popular themes in today ' s world , energy has been paid more and more attention by various countries and even international organizations . How to reduce energy consumption and improve the utilization of energy has become the focus of current production and manufacturing enterprises , and it is one of the difficulties . On the other hand , in the production and manufacturing system , the performance of the equipment not only affects the quality of the production process , but also has a vital influence on the energy consumption of the workshop . Therefore , the research on the workshop energy consumption optimization method considering the equipment performance is of great significance to guide the actual production enterprises to carry out the workshop energy efficiency management . Based on the research of the wear process of cutting tool with direct reaction equipment as an experimental object , the machining process of cutting 45 steel with direct reaction equipment was studied . The design and development of machining process data acquisition system were designed and developed from two aspects of hardware system and software . The experiment of tool wear test was carried out on the basis of hardware system and software . The experimental results validate the feasibility of data acquisition system , and also provide support for the determination of machining parameters and experimental procedures . In this paper , the experimental scheme of tool wear measurement is presented , and the results of tool wear are analyzed . The relationship between the X - axis direction and the Y - axis direction and the power signal of the machine tool are analyzed . The method of online monitoring of vibration - wear based on the curve fitting method is presented , and the feasibility and effectiveness of the method are verified by the experimental results . The machining power - time model in the process of the device performance degradation is established by analyzing the change of the machining power over time . Based on the analysis and description of the actual job shop scheduling problem , the scheduling time model is established . The workshop energy consumption model is established by dividing the energy consumption into five parts of processing energy consumption , adjusting energy consumption , transportation energy consumption , waiting for energy consumption and public energy consumption . In this paper , based on weighted GA and NSGA - II , based on weighted GA and NSGA - II , the optimization goal should be controlled directly . Based on the building of data acquisition system , this paper presents an on - line monitoring method of equipment performance based on vibration signal , and the method is applied to build up the processing power - time model in the process of equipment performance degradation . The model is combined into the workshop energy consumption model , and the workshop energy consumption optimization method considering the equipment performance is put forward , and the practical application value and guiding significance for energy efficiency management of the actual manufacturing production system are put forward .

【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TB493

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