本文選題：人性化 + 節(jié)能�。� 參考：《安徽大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著我國經濟持續(xù)健康發(fā)展,我國建筑業(yè)正經歷著前所未有的沖擊和考驗。經驗告訴我們,經濟發(fā)展離不開支柱產業(yè)的帶動,建筑業(yè)正是重要的支柱產業(yè)之一,加之城鎮(zhèn)化步伐加快,建筑業(yè)發(fā)展的速度超過了中國歷史上任何一個時期,城市建設中商品住宅的開發(fā)和建設也正以前所未有的速度和規(guī)模展開。長期以來房地產粗放式地發(fā)展,其效益增長主要依靠土地、水、能源等資源的過度消耗。建筑速度過快和過度追求高額利潤,以及對住宅需求缺乏細致的研究,導致社會環(huán)境質量下降,投資浪費,資源嚴重消耗。城市居民普遍感覺遠離自然、鄰里關系淡漠、缺少安全感、缺乏歸屬感、缺乏社區(qū)認同感。隨著新“國五條”的政策出臺,房地產市場繼續(xù)執(zhí)行限購政策、抑制投資投機性需求的調控更加嚴厲,房價將在一定時期停止上漲。房地產市場不同于普通商品市場,直接關系上游和下游的幾十個產業(yè)和商業(yè)領域,某種意義上已經關系今后社會經濟的發(fā)展情況,高額的房價之下透支的是社會和民生成本,不僅剝離的是廣大消費者的福祉,給社會經濟發(fā)展也會埋下重重隱患。擁有大量資金和土地儲備的大型房地產企業(yè)都迫切希望秉承社會責任,走一條成熟穩(wěn)健的成本管理之路。從急功近利的心態(tài)轉變到關注住宅生命周期、關注整個產業(yè)乃至整個國民經濟的可持續(xù)性發(fā)展。如何在有限的資源下實現可持續(xù)經濟發(fā)展?如何在可持續(xù)的發(fā)展中提高人民的生活質量和健康水平?即運用生命周期理論研究人性化住宅成本管理。 人性化住宅成本管理注重以人為本,基于生命周期的成本理論,以“綠色住宅”、“節(jié)能建筑”等一系列舉措,實施可持續(xù)發(fā)展的戰(zhàn)略目標；微觀上領先的房地產企業(yè)要在激烈的市場競爭中立足發(fā)展,用生命周期成本的理論探索房地產項目符合國家科學發(fā)展觀的政策,是促進企業(yè)長足發(fā)展的有效實踐。由于我國在生命周期成本管理方面與發(fā)達國家相比仍存在一定差距,過分關注眼前利益而淡化生命周期成本導致的嚴重經濟后果無時無刻不在警醒著社會各個階層。因此,如何合理有效地應用生命周期理論進行人性化住宅成本管理研究,具有非常重要的理論意義和現實意義。對此,本文結合我國現實政治和經濟體制背景,以生命周期的視角對人性化住宅成本管理進行探索研究。 術文研究共由五個部分組成首先,第一部分首先簡要概述了本文的研究背景和研究意義,在詳細歸納與總結國內外研究動念的基礎上,明確本文的研究框架與研究思路,指出本文的創(chuàng)新點與研究不足。第二部分主要介紹了生命周期成本和人性化住宅的相關概念,闡述生命周期理論對人性化住宅的作用機理,闡述人性化住宅成本管理的內涵,即成本的構成、成本管理體系和成本管理方法。第三部分簡要介紹了發(fā)達國家人性化住宅成本管理的措施和效果,我國人性化住宅管理的現狀及存在問題,對我國人性化住宅管理機制進行深入探討,介紹了我國建設項目的建設體制和建設程序,把建設程序按照生命周期劃分為前期、中期和后期三個階段,通過參建項目的各責任主體自發(fā)自覺地管理節(jié)約投資,降低成本。在房地產建設開發(fā)的各個階段運用價值工程,實現全過程生命成本最優(yōu)。第四部分選取HS地產人性化住宅成本管理案例,總結優(yōu)缺點及推廣的意義。第五部分以相關理論為依據,結合我國特殊的政治和經濟體制背景,提出本文的主要研究結論、對策建議和研究展望。 本文的創(chuàng)新及特色在于：國內外學者就單一技術層面上對生命周期理論研究較為豐富,但在宏觀經濟層面上對兩者結合的深入研究匱乏。本文從生命周期理論中提煉人性化住宅的概念,對我國住宅建設成本管理進行研究具有新意。其次本文在國家對房地產宏觀調控的背景下選取HS地產住宅成本管理為案例,基于LCC理論分析生命周期成本降低能使資源耗費減少、增加可持續(xù)度,為LCC理論研究提供應用實例,使研究結論更具說服力。
[Abstract]:With the sustained and healthy development of our country's economy, China's construction industry is experiencing unprecedented impact and test. Experience has told us that the economic development can not be driven by the support of the pillar industry. The construction industry is one of the important pillar industries, and the pace of urbanization is accelerated. The speed of the development of the construction industry exceeds any period in Chinese history. The development and construction of commodity housing in the city construction is also being carried out with unprecedented speed and scale. For a long time, the development of real estate has been developed largely, its benefit growth mainly depends on the excessive consumption of land, water, energy and other resources. The city dwellers generally feel away from nature, indifferent neighborhoods, lack of sense of security, lack of sense of belonging and lack of community identity. With the introduction of the new "Five" policy, the real estate market continues to implement the limit purchase policy, restraining the regulation of investment speculative demand more severe, house price will be more severe, house price will be In a certain period, the real estate market is different from the ordinary commodity market, which is directly related to dozens of industrial and commercial fields upstream and downstream. In a sense, it has been related to the development of the social and economic development in a sense. The high price overdraft is the cost of the society and the people's livelihood. It is not only the welfare of the broad consumers, but also the welfare of the consumers. Large real estate enterprises with large amount of funds and land reserves are eager to follow the social responsibility and take a mature and stable road of cost management. From the mentality of quick success to the life cycle of the house, the sustainable development of the whole industry and the whole national economy is concerned. How to achieve sustainable economic development under limited resources? How to improve the quality of life and health of the people in the sustainable development? That is, the use of life cycle theory to study the cost management of humanized housing.
Human based residential cost management focuses on the people-oriented, based on the life cycle cost theory, with a series of measures, such as "green house", "energy saving building" and a series of measures to implement the strategic goal of sustainable development; the micro leading real estate enterprises should develop in the fierce market competition and explore the real estate with the theory of life cycle cost. The project conforms to the national Scientific Outlook on Development policy and is an effective practice to promote the rapid development of the enterprises. Because there is still a gap in the life cycle cost management of our country compared with the developed countries, the serious economic consequences caused by the excessive attention to the immediate interests and the desalination of the life cycle cost are always vigilant to all social strata. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance how to apply the life cycle theory to humanized housing cost management reasonably and effectively. This paper, based on the realistic political and economic system background of our country, explores the management of humanized housing based on the perspective of life cycle.
The first part of the study is composed of five parts. The first part is a brief overview of the background and significance of the study. On the basis of the detailed induction and summary of domestic and foreign research, the research framework and research ideas are clarified, and the innovation points and research lack of this article are pointed out. The second part mainly introduces the life cycle cost. With the related concept of humanized residence, this paper expounds the mechanism of life cycle theory to humanized residence, expounds the connotation of human housing cost management, namely the composition of cost, the system of cost management and the method of cost management. The third part briefly introduces the measures and effects of human housing cost management in developed countries, and the human nature in our country. The status and existing problems of mansion management are discussed, and the mechanism of human housing management in China is deeply discussed. The construction system and construction procedures of China's construction projects are introduced. The construction procedures are divided into three stages, in the period of the life cycle, in the early stage, in the middle period and in the later stage, and by the voluntary and conscious management of the investment and reducing the investment by the responsible subjects of the project. Low cost. Use value engineering in all stages of real estate development to achieve the best cost of life in the whole process. The fourth part selects the case of HS real estate cost management, summarizes the advantages and disadvantages and the significance of promotion. The fifth part is based on relevant theories, and combines the special political and economic system background of our country, and puts forward this article. The main research conclusions, countermeasures and research prospects.
The innovation and characteristics of this article are: scholars at home and abroad are more rich in the study of the life cycle theory on the single technology level, but in the macro economic level, the in-depth study of the combination of the two is scarce. This paper abstracts the concept of humanized housing from the life cycle theory, and has a new meaning to study the cost management of housing construction in our country. This article selects the HS real estate cost management as a case under the background of the national macro-control of real estate. Based on the LCC theory, the reduction of life cycle cost can reduce the cost of the resources and increase the sustainability. It provides an application example for the research of the LCC theory, and makes the research conclusion more convincing.

【學位授予單位】：安徽大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F234.2;F299.23

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本文編號：1884859