本文選題：地面公交　切入點(diǎn)：客運(yùn)量　出處：《北京交通大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：地面公交是城市公共交通的重要組成部分,也是人們工作、生活正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的重要保證。近年來(lái),在實(shí)施低票價(jià)和總額補(bǔ)貼政策情況下,北京市地面公交運(yùn)營(yíng)成本攀升幅度大大高于運(yùn)營(yíng)收入的增長(zhǎng),公交企業(yè)面臨著嚴(yán)重虧損,政府每年需要給予公交企業(yè)巨額補(bǔ)貼,地面公交運(yùn)營(yíng)發(fā)展進(jìn)入虧損-補(bǔ)貼-再虧損的惡性循環(huán)狀態(tài)。為了促進(jìn)地面公交的可持續(xù)發(fā)展,2014年12月28日,北京市實(shí)施地面公交票制票價(jià)改革,單純的票價(jià)提升對(duì)改善公交企業(yè)的運(yùn)營(yíng)狀況,緩解財(cái)政補(bǔ)貼壓力的作用不大。本文以探索地面公交成本、票價(jià)、補(bǔ)貼的聯(lián)動(dòng)管理為目標(biāo),以期達(dá)到促進(jìn)北京市地面公交運(yùn)營(yíng)發(fā)展良性循環(huán)的目的。本文從客運(yùn)量、成本管理、票價(jià)管制,補(bǔ)貼實(shí)施角度分析北京市地面公交運(yùn)營(yíng)發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,明確了北京市地面公交運(yùn)營(yíng)惡性循環(huán)的問題歸根結(jié)底是由成本、票價(jià)和補(bǔ)貼的脫鉤管理導(dǎo)致的。針對(duì)關(guān)鍵問題,探索地面公交客運(yùn)量、成本、票價(jià)、補(bǔ)貼交互式關(guān)系,以企業(yè)可發(fā)展、居民可接受、政府可承擔(dān)為原則,提出基于客運(yùn)量導(dǎo)向的成本-票價(jià)-補(bǔ)貼聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制基本框架體系。在梳理國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者的研究成果以及成本規(guī)制理論、拉姆齊定價(jià)理論、價(jià)格上限理論、委托代理理論的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行了理論和方法的創(chuàng)新,構(gòu)建基于客運(yùn)量導(dǎo)向的成本-票價(jià)-補(bǔ)貼聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制測(cè)算模型。以標(biāo)準(zhǔn)成本為基礎(chǔ)確定合理回報(bào)票價(jià)和規(guī)制票價(jià),基于客運(yùn)量考核結(jié)果、合理回報(bào)票價(jià)和規(guī)制票價(jià)測(cè)算最優(yōu)補(bǔ)貼,根據(jù)補(bǔ)貼額度實(shí)施票價(jià)動(dòng)態(tài)調(diào)整。通過成本、票價(jià)、補(bǔ)貼的聯(lián)動(dòng)管理,增強(qiáng)企業(yè)經(jīng)營(yíng)動(dòng)力,提高補(bǔ)貼的效率,促進(jìn)地面公交的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。最后,以北京市公交企業(yè)的運(yùn)營(yíng)數(shù)據(jù)為基礎(chǔ),運(yùn)用聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制模型進(jìn)行測(cè)算和分析,驗(yàn)證聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制的適用性和可操作性,形成基于北京市地面公交實(shí)際發(fā)展情況的聯(lián)動(dòng)機(jī)制管理配套政策及措施,為北京市政府管理地面公交行業(yè)、促進(jìn)其可持續(xù)發(fā)展提供重要參考。
[Abstract]:Public transport on the ground is an important part of urban public transport, and also an important guarantee for the normal operation of people's work and life. In recent years, with the implementation of the policy of low fares and total subsidies, The operating cost of public transport on the ground in Beijing is rising much more than the growth of operating income, and the public transport enterprises are facing serious losses. The government needs to give huge subsidies to the public transport enterprises every year. In order to promote the sustainable development of ground public transport, in December 28th 2014, Beijing implemented the fare reform of ticket system for ground public transport. The simple fare increase has little effect on improving the operation condition of public transport enterprises and relieving the pressure of financial subsidy. This paper aims at exploring the linkage management of surface bus cost, ticket price and subsidy. In order to achieve the purpose of promoting the benign cycle of the development of the ground transit operation in Beijing, this paper analyzes the present situation of the development of the ground transit operation in Beijing from the aspects of passenger volume, cost management, fare control and subsidy implementation. This paper clarifies that the vicious circle of Beijing ground public transport operation is caused by the decoupling management of cost, ticket price and subsidy in the final analysis. Aiming at the key problems, this paper explores the interactive relationship among passenger volume, cost, ticket price and subsidy of ground public transport. Based on the principle that enterprises can develop, residents can accept and the government can bear, this paper puts forward the basic frame system of cost-fare subsidy linkage mechanism based on passenger volume guidance, combing the research results of domestic and foreign scholars and the theory of cost regulation. On the basis of Ramsay's pricing theory, price cap theory, and principal-agent theory, we have carried out theoretical and methodological innovations. Based on the standard cost, the reasonable return ticket price and regulated fare are determined, and the optimal subsidy is calculated based on the result of passenger volume assessment, reasonable return fare and regulated ticket price. Through the linkage management of cost, ticket price and subsidy, we can strengthen the enterprise's operating power, improve the efficiency of subsidy, and promote the sustainable development of public transportation on the ground. Based on the operation data of public transport enterprises in Beijing, the linkage mechanism model is used to calculate and analyze the applicability and maneuverability of the linkage mechanism. In order to provide important reference for the Beijing government to manage the ground public transport industry and promote its sustainable development, it forms the supporting policies and measures of the linkage mechanism management based on the actual development of the ground public transport in Beijing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F572.88

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