本文選題：低碳住宅 + 增量成本效益��； 參考：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在當(dāng)前社會(huì)環(huán)境越來(lái)越嚴(yán)峻的情況下,人們面臨著資源枯竭、土地荒漠化、氣候變暖等嚴(yán)重威脅,因此改變現(xiàn)有的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展及社會(huì)變化方式,是解決生態(tài)失衡的焦點(diǎn)。低碳建筑在這種大背景下誕生,帶來(lái)的不僅是建筑理念和建造方式的變革,更是人們生活理念或生活方式的轉(zhuǎn)化,形成了建立資源節(jié)約型、環(huán)境友好型社會(huì),實(shí)現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展路線的長(zhǎng)久方針。然而在材料、設(shè)計(jì)以及建造方式的轉(zhuǎn)變過(guò)程中,成本的增加使得低碳建筑在我國(guó)發(fā)展受到一定的制約,尤其對(duì)于人們?nèi)粘＞幼〉淖≌?高成本使消費(fèi)者將之與奢侈品畫(huà)上等號(hào),低碳住宅開(kāi)發(fā)商也背離了“低碳環(huán)�！钡某踔浴Ｒ虼�,本文從全生命周期的角度出發(fā),將增量成本分為四方面進(jìn)行量化,并將增量效益統(tǒng)一度量,建立包含增量成本效益模型,使人們能夠看到其隱形效益。首先,本文通過(guò)對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀進(jìn)行總結(jié),了解前人對(duì)低碳建筑的研究程度,對(duì)低碳住宅概念進(jìn)行界定,再?gòu)娜嵌瘸霭l(fā),將低碳住宅增量成本分為四個(gè)方面,分別為碳排放與碳交易、低碳技術(shù)與設(shè)備、運(yùn)營(yíng)管理及拆除回收期,探討與普通住宅相比產(chǎn)生的增量指標(biāo)構(gòu)成。另一方面,從后續(xù)效益出發(fā),將低碳住宅增量效益分為經(jīng)濟(jì)效益(直接效益)、環(huán)境效益及社會(huì)效益(間接效益),低碳住宅的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益主要通過(guò)節(jié)水、節(jié)地、節(jié)能、節(jié)材所帶來(lái)使用成本的節(jié)省來(lái)體現(xiàn),例如:節(jié)能通過(guò)電費(fèi)的節(jié)省來(lái)考量。低碳住宅的環(huán)境效益主要通過(guò)使用過(guò)程中碳排放的減少轉(zhuǎn)化成標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤的價(jià)值,用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)煤的成本作為衡量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。低碳住宅的社會(huì)效益則通過(guò)工作效率的提升所增加的時(shí)間或者相關(guān)社會(huì)費(fèi)用的節(jié)省來(lái)衡量,并根據(jù)相關(guān)理論及工程經(jīng)驗(yàn)提出了量化計(jì)算規(guī)則。其次,在前文基礎(chǔ)上,論文創(chuàng)新性的提出低碳住宅的增量成本及效益的價(jià)值工程理論,將產(chǎn)生的價(jià)值與使用功能的比值作為衡量低碳住宅增量成本與效益的相關(guān)性,并同時(shí)基于價(jià)值工程理論運(yùn)用熵權(quán)法及數(shù)據(jù)包絡(luò)分析法(DEA)的混合模型對(duì)多項(xiàng)目的低碳住宅價(jià)值功能比選做出評(píng)價(jià),提供構(gòu)建低碳住宅增量成本與效益評(píng)價(jià)體系的方法。最后,通過(guò)西咸新區(qū)及國(guó)內(nèi)低碳住宅經(jīng)典案例進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,分析該項(xiàng)目低碳住宅的增量成本構(gòu)成,研究關(guān)鍵低碳技術(shù)所帶來(lái)的效益,并結(jié)合實(shí)際情況,計(jì)算多項(xiàng)目增量成本及效益,確定項(xiàng)目的經(jīng)濟(jì)可行性,確定本文中的低碳住宅增量成本-效益評(píng)價(jià)方法可行,可為低碳住宅項(xiàng)目的評(píng)價(jià)提供一定的數(shù)據(jù)支持。并根據(jù)前文所判定的相關(guān)性,提出政府對(duì)應(yīng)的激勵(lì)機(jī)制體系建議,促進(jìn)低碳住宅的進(jìn)一步推廣。
[Abstract]:Under the increasingly severe social environment, people are facing serious threats such as resource depletion, land desertification, climate warming and so on. Therefore, changing the existing economic development and social change mode is the focus to solve the ecological imbalance. Low-carbon building was born under this background, which not only brought about the change of architectural idea and construction style, but also the transformation of people's life idea or way of life, and formed a resource-saving and environment-friendly society. A long-term approach to achieving the path of sustainable development. However, in the process of changing materials, design and construction methods, the increase in cost makes the development of low-carbon buildings in China subject to certain constraints, especially for people living in housing, high costs make consumers draw the same sign as luxury goods. Low-carbon housing developers also deviate from the original intention of low-carbon environmental protection. Therefore, from the point of view of the whole life cycle, the incremental cost is divided into four aspects to quantify, and the incremental benefit is measured uniformly, and the incremental cost-benefit model is established, so that people can see its hidden benefits. First of all, this paper summarizes the current research situation at home and abroad, understands the previous research on low-carbon buildings, defines the concept of low-carbon housing, and then from the point of view of the whole life, divides the incremental cost of low-carbon housing into four aspects. Carbon emissions and carbon trading, low carbon technology and equipment, operation management and demolition recovery period are discussed, and the incremental index composition compared with ordinary housing is discussed. On the other hand, starting from the subsequent benefits, the incremental benefits of low-carbon housing are divided into economic benefits (direct benefits, environmental benefits and social benefits). The economic benefits of low-carbon housing are mainly through water-saving, land-saving, energy-saving, Savings in the use of materials to reflect the cost, for example: energy savings through the consideration of electricity. The environmental benefit of low carbon residence is converted into the value of standard coal by reducing the carbon emission in the process of use, and the cost of standard coal is taken as the criterion. The social benefits of low-carbon housing are measured by the increase of working efficiency or the saving of related social expenses, and the quantitative calculation rules are put forward according to the relevant theory and engineering experience. Secondly, on the basis of the above, the paper innovatively puts forward the value engineering theory of incremental cost and benefit of low carbon housing, which takes the ratio of value and usage function as the correlation to measure the incremental cost and benefit of low carbon housing. At the same time, based on the theory of value engineering, the mixed model of entropy weight method and data envelopment analysis (DEAA) is used to evaluate the value function comparison of multi-project low carbon housing, and to provide a method for constructing the evaluation system of incremental cost and benefit of low carbon housing. Finally, through the classical cases of low carbon housing in Xixian New District and in China, the incremental cost composition of the low carbon residence is analyzed, and the benefits of key low carbon technology are studied, and combined with the actual situation, To calculate the incremental cost and benefit of multi-projects, to determine the economic feasibility of the project, and to determine the feasibility of the evaluation method of incremental cost-benefit of low-carbon housing in this paper, which can provide certain data support for the evaluation of low-carbon housing projects. According to the correlation determined above, the paper puts forward the suggestion of the government's corresponding incentive mechanism system to promote the further promotion of low-carbon housing.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：TU241.91;F426.92;F406.72

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本文編號(hào)：1880430