本文選題：FDI + 貿(mào)易順差　； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：改革開放以來，中國的對外貿(mào)易發(fā)生了質(zhì)的飛躍，市場經(jīng)濟的實行更是加快了我國對外貿(mào)易的發(fā)展。自1994年以來，我國對外貿(mào)易便一直維持順差狀態(tài)，并且呈現(xiàn)持續(xù)增長的態(tài)勢，累計了巨額的貿(mào)易順差。貿(mào)易順差為我國提供了豐富的外匯儲備，對經(jīng)濟發(fā)展起到了積極的促進作用。但隨著順差規(guī)模的不斷擴大，其消極影響日益顯現(xiàn)，貿(mào)易順差的過快增長，加劇了我國與主要貿(mào)易伙伴之間的貿(mào)易摩擦，增加了我國對外貿(mào)易的成本，不利于我國對外貿(mào)易與經(jīng)濟的可持續(xù)發(fā)展。 在貿(mào)易順差快速增長的同時，我國吸引的外商直接投資也不斷增加，并且外商直接投資對貿(mào)易順差的增長有著不容小覷的影響。二者快速增長的過程中都存著結(jié)構(gòu)不合理的問題，主要都集中于加工貿(mào)易，并且外商也是順差創(chuàng)造的主體，因此，F(xiàn)DI通過加工貿(mào)易對我國貿(mào)易順差產(chǎn)生了重大影響，外商成為順差的實際受益者，而我國從中獲取的利益遠小于預(yù)期。FDI對我國貿(mào)易順差的作用機制體現(xiàn)在三個方面：貿(mào)易互補效應(yīng)、貿(mào)易替代效應(yīng)及順差轉(zhuǎn)移效應(yīng)。一些亞洲的新興經(jīng)濟體通過在華綠地投資，直接擴大了我國的外貿(mào)出口規(guī)模；歐美等發(fā)達國家憑借自身技術(shù)優(yōu)勢，基于占領(lǐng)市場的目的，生產(chǎn)許多進口替代產(chǎn)品，減少了我國的進口，間接增加了貿(mào)易順差；日韓等國利用產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)移的機會，將產(chǎn)品最后的組裝環(huán)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)移到我國，，將本國對歐美的出口轉(zhuǎn)嫁給中國，增加了我國名義上的順差。 在規(guī)范分析的基礎(chǔ)上，本文通過實證分析，驗證了FDI對貿(mào)易順差的確存在著正向影響，并且通過數(shù)據(jù)具體說明了FDI如何通過上述三種效應(yīng)對我國貿(mào)易順差產(chǎn)生影響以及影響有多大。最后，基于FDI對貿(mào)易順差的影響，以經(jīng)濟與對外貿(mào)易和諧發(fā)展為出發(fā)點，本文就如何通過利用FDI增加我國貿(mào)易順差的實際收益提出了具有現(xiàn)實意義的政策建議：通過引導(dǎo)FDI進入經(jīng)濟流動性強的產(chǎn)業(yè)、豐富FDI利用方式、調(diào)整出口模式、嚴(yán)禁地方盲目引資攀比等措施，提高我國利用FDI質(zhì)量，增加實際收益；通過加快產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)升級、加強技術(shù)創(chuàng)新等措施，提高我國科技實力，完善產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)發(fā)展；通過培育本國有競爭力的跨國公司、政府扶持等措施，加快對外直接投資的步伐。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign trade has made a qualitative leap, and the implementation of market economy has accelerated the development of China's foreign trade. Since 1994, China's foreign trade has been maintaining a surplus state, and showing a sustained growth situation, accumulated a huge trade surplus. The trade surplus provides China with abundant foreign exchange reserves and plays a positive role in promoting economic development. However, with the continuous expansion of surplus scale, its negative influence becomes increasingly apparent. The excessive growth of trade surplus intensifies the trade friction between China and its main trading partners and increases the cost of China's foreign trade. It is unfavorable to the sustainable development of our foreign trade and economy. With the rapid growth of the trade surplus, the foreign direct investment (FDI) attracted by our country is also increasing, and the foreign direct investment (FDI) has an important influence on the growth of the trade surplus. In the process of rapid growth, both of them have problems of unreasonable structure, which are mainly concentrated in processing trade, and foreign businessmen are also the main body of creating surplus, so FDI has a great influence on China's trade surplus through processing trade. Foreign businessmen become the actual beneficiaries of the surplus, and the benefits that our country obtains from it are far less than the expected. The mechanism of FDI acting on China's trade surplus is embodied in three aspects: trade complementary effect, trade substitution effect and surplus transfer effect. Some emerging Asian economies have directly expanded the scale of China's foreign trade exports through greenfield investment in China; developed countries such as Europe and the United States have relied on their own technological advantages to produce many imported substitute products for the purpose of occupying the market. Japan and South Korea take advantage of the opportunity of industrial transfer to transfer the final assembly of products to China and transfer their exports to Europe and the United States to China, thus increasing the nominal surplus of our country. On the basis of normative analysis, this paper verifies that FDI does have positive influence on trade surplus through empirical analysis. Through the data, the author explains how FDI affects China's trade surplus through the above three effects and how much impact it has on China's trade surplus. Finally, based on the impact of FDI on trade surplus, the harmonious development of economy and foreign trade is the starting point. This paper puts forward some practical policy suggestions on how to increase the actual income of China's trade surplus by using FDI: to guide FDI into industries with strong economic mobility, to enrich the mode of utilization of FDI, and to adjust the export mode. It is strictly prohibited for local governments to blindly attract investment and compare with other measures, to improve the quality of FDI utilization in China, to increase the actual income, to improve the scientific and technological strength of our country and to perfect the development of industrial structure by speeding up the upgrading of industrial structure, strengthening technological innovation, and so on. To speed up the pace of foreign direct investment (FDI) through the cultivation of competitive multinational corporations and government support and other measures.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F752;F832.6

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