本文選題：不良貸款率 + 收入結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文通過研究我國12家全國性股份制商業(yè)銀行2007-2011年的財務(wù)報表，對其資本狀況、資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量、流動性、收入結(jié)構(gòu)、盈利能力和發(fā)展能力六方面進(jìn)行深入分析，進(jìn)而判斷我國股份制商業(yè)銀行的競爭力和未來發(fā)展能力。 第一章的緒論主要介紹了研究背景、目的和意義以及國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀，第二章介紹了財務(wù)指標(biāo)分析的利弊及指標(biāo)的選取原則后，開始進(jìn)入本文最主要的研究部分。第三章主要分析了我國股份制商業(yè)銀行的風(fēng)險性，從商業(yè)銀行的資本狀況、資產(chǎn)質(zhì)量和流動性三方面入手，得出其均持續(xù)滿足監(jiān)管要求，但銀行為了達(dá)到監(jiān)管要求而過度閑置部分資金導(dǎo)致一定程度的信貸緊縮，進(jìn)而對經(jīng)濟(jì)增長、物價總水平和利率等宏觀變量產(chǎn)生不良影響，因此，我國商業(yè)銀行必須樹立資本約束的科學(xué)經(jīng)營發(fā)展理念。同時，商業(yè)銀行要不斷提高貸款質(zhì)量，使不良貸款率的下降不是因為不良資產(chǎn)的剝離或者信貸規(guī)模的擴(kuò)張，而是來源于銀行自身因素的改善。流動性的分析顯示了我國商業(yè)銀行保持較強的流動性，從而削弱了商業(yè)銀行的盈利性，因此，我國商業(yè)銀行要高瞻遠(yuǎn)矚，在不違反監(jiān)管要求的前提下有效利用資金，提高盈利性，，增強競爭力。 第四章分析了我國股份制商業(yè)銀行的盈利性，從收入結(jié)構(gòu)和成本收入比、資產(chǎn)收益率入手，通過分析得出商業(yè)銀行的收入結(jié)構(gòu)不合理，利息收入長期在營業(yè)收入中占主導(dǎo)地位，即長期以來我國商業(yè)銀行都主要以存貸利差為利潤主要來源，盈利模式單一，制約了我國商業(yè)銀行的盈利能力和競爭能力。另外，商業(yè)銀行過于充足的準(zhǔn)備金導(dǎo)致流動性過剩，資金運用效率低，多種因素的共同作用導(dǎo)致我國商業(yè)銀行的總資產(chǎn)收益率狀況不是很樂觀，凈資產(chǎn)收益率也有很大的提升空間，因此，我國商業(yè)銀行要積極發(fā)展中間業(yè)務(wù)，提高中間業(yè)務(wù)收入比重。同時，商業(yè)銀行要積極發(fā)展中小企業(yè)貸款業(yè)務(wù)，金融市場的發(fā)展要求資源有效配置，許多中小企業(yè)經(jīng)營效益好且對貸款的需求很大，商業(yè)銀行要抓住機(jī)遇擴(kuò)大業(yè)務(wù)規(guī)模，從而提高自身盈利能力。盈利能力的提高對商業(yè)銀行更好的應(yīng)對金融危機(jī)帶來的各種風(fēng)險以及增強核心競爭力都是至關(guān)重要的。 第五章分析了我國股份制商業(yè)銀行的發(fā)展能力，分析得出我國商業(yè)銀行潛在的發(fā)展空間非常大，但由于存在一些制約因素致使其發(fā)展能力受阻，因此提出一些對策以促使我國商業(yè)銀行實現(xiàn)可持續(xù)發(fā)展，如大力發(fā)展中間業(yè)務(wù),改善收入結(jié)構(gòu)、提高金融創(chuàng)新能力和提高員工素質(zhì)等。我國商業(yè)銀行要加強對資產(chǎn)和負(fù)債的管理，在競爭激烈的金融市場不斷增強盈利性和競爭力，逐步邁向世界一流水平。
[Abstract]:By studying the financial statements of 12 national joint-stock commercial banks from 2007 to 2011, this paper makes an in-depth analysis of their capital status, asset quality, liquidity, income structure, profitability and development ability.And then judge the competitiveness and future development ability of China's joint-stock commercial banks.The introduction of the first chapter mainly introduces the research background, purpose and significance, as well as the current research situation at home and abroad. The second chapter introduces the advantages and disadvantages of financial indicators analysis and the selection principles of indicators, and begins to enter the main research part of this paper.The third chapter mainly analyzes the risk of China's joint-stock commercial banks, starting with the capital status, asset quality and liquidity of commercial banks, and draws a conclusion that they all meet the regulatory requirements continuously.However, in order to meet the regulatory requirements, the excessive idle part of the funds of banks leads to a certain degree of credit crunch, which in turn has a negative impact on macroeconomic variables such as economic growth, total price levels and interest rates.China's commercial banks must set up the scientific management and development concept of capital constraint.At the same time, commercial banks should constantly improve the quality of loans, so that the decline of non-performing loan ratio is not due to the divestiture of non-performing assets or the expansion of credit scale, but from the improvement of banks' own factors.The analysis of liquidity shows that Chinese commercial banks maintain strong liquidity, which weakens the profitability of commercial banks. Therefore, our commercial banks should be far-sighted and make effective use of funds without violating the regulatory requirements.Improve profitability and enhance competitiveness.The fourth chapter analyzes the profitability of China's joint-stock commercial banks, starting with the income structure and cost-income ratio, the return on assets, through the analysis of the commercial banks' income structure is unreasonable, interest income in the business income in a long-term dominant position.For a long time, the commercial banks of our country mainly take the interest rate difference of deposit and loan as the main source of profit, and the profit mode is single, which restricts the profitability and competition ability of the commercial banks in our country.In addition, excessive reserves of commercial banks lead to excess liquidity, low efficiency in the use of funds, and combined effects of various factors lead to the situation of total return on assets of commercial banks in China is not very optimistic.There is also great room for improvement of ROE, therefore, commercial banks in our country should actively develop intermediate business and increase the proportion of income of intermediate business.At the same time, commercial banks should actively develop SME loan business, and the development of financial market requires the effective allocation of resources. Many small and medium-sized enterprises have good operating efficiency and great demand for loans. Commercial banks should seize the opportunity to expand their business scale.In order to improve their profitability.The improvement of profitability is very important for commercial banks to better deal with the risks brought by the financial crisis and to enhance their core competitiveness.The fifth chapter analyzes the development ability of China's joint-stock commercial banks, and concludes that the potential development space of commercial banks in China is very large, but due to the existence of some constraints, the development capacity of commercial banks is hindered.Therefore, some countermeasures are put forward to promote the sustainable development of Chinese commercial banks, such as vigorously developing intermediate business, improving the income structure, improving the ability of financial innovation and improving the quality of employees, etc.China's commercial banks should strengthen the management of assets and liabilities, enhance their profitability and competitiveness in the competitive financial market, and step up to the world-class level.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：F830.42;F832.33

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