本文選題：準(zhǔn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)　切入點(diǎn)：監(jiān)管　出處：《長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：自2008年起，為加快金融體制改革，拓寬地方融資渠道，有效彌補(bǔ)“三農(nóng)”、中小企業(yè)等領(lǐng)域金融服務(wù)不足問題，國(guó)家降低了地方準(zhǔn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)立門檻，鼓勵(lì)民間資本積極參與準(zhǔn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的設(shè)立，全國(guó)各地小額貸款公司、融資性擔(dān)保公司、典當(dāng)行等具有準(zhǔn)金融性質(zhì)的機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)展迅速，為擴(kuò)大社會(huì)融資總量，有效解決小微企業(yè)和三農(nóng)領(lǐng)域貸款難問題，改善全社會(huì)的投融資環(huán)境，實(shí)現(xiàn)全面建成小康社會(huì)的宏偉目標(biāo)，都具有十分重要的意義。近年來，我國(guó)準(zhǔn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)無論在數(shù)量還是規(guī)模上均呈現(xiàn)出高速發(fā)展的態(tài)勢(shì)，數(shù)量上以每年兩位數(shù)的增速擴(kuò)張，貸款和擔(dān)保余額也以高出人民幣貸款2倍以上的增速發(fā)展，據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，截至2012年底，我國(guó)小額貸款公司數(shù)量達(dá)6080家，融資性擔(dān)保公司9071家，，典當(dāng)行6084家，向社會(huì)提供的融資總量達(dá)到3萬(wàn)億。同時(shí)，根據(jù)《關(guān)于小額貸款公司試點(diǎn)的指導(dǎo)意見》、《融資性擔(dān)保公司管理暫行辦法》、《典當(dāng)管理辦法》等制度規(guī)定，地方政府承擔(dān)對(duì)準(zhǔn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的直接監(jiān)管權(quán)，但由于準(zhǔn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)定位不清、管理制度尚不完善、監(jiān)管主體不明晰、履職缺乏專業(yè)性等原因，在日常監(jiān)管中普遍存在監(jiān)管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不統(tǒng)一、監(jiān)管意識(shí)不強(qiáng)、監(jiān)管力量不足等問題，導(dǎo)致部分準(zhǔn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)由于缺乏有效監(jiān)管，違規(guī)參與民間借貸、非法集資、發(fā)放高利貸等，產(chǎn)生了極壞的社會(huì)影響，不利于整個(gè)金融行業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。本文以準(zhǔn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)的基本概念入手，全面梳理了準(zhǔn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管體系演進(jìn)的歷史脈絡(luò)，客觀分析了當(dāng)前準(zhǔn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管面臨的困難和存在的問題，在深層剖析成因的基礎(chǔ)上，運(yùn)用公共管理、政治經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、金融學(xué)等相關(guān)理論，借鑒國(guó)內(nèi)外先進(jìn)的經(jīng)驗(yàn)做法，提出以提高立法層級(jí)、明確監(jiān)管目標(biāo)、整合監(jiān)管手段、建立監(jiān)管平臺(tái)為主要內(nèi)容的一系列切實(shí)可行的政策建議，探索建立一套適合中國(guó)國(guó)情的準(zhǔn)金融機(jī)構(gòu)監(jiān)管體系。
[Abstract]:Since 2008, in order to speed up the reform of the financial system, widen local financing channels, and effectively remedy the problem of inadequate financial services in the fields of "three rural areas" and small and medium-sized enterprises, the state has lowered the threshold for the establishment of local quasi-financial institutions. Private capital is encouraged to actively participate in the establishment of quasi-financial institutions, and small loan companies, financing guarantee companies, pawnshops and other quasi-financial institutions in various parts of the country are encouraged to develop rapidly, in order to expand the total amount of social financing, It is of great significance to effectively solve the problem of loan difficulties in small and micro enterprises and in the fields of agriculture, rural areas and farmers, improve the investment and financing environment of the whole society, and realize the grand goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Both the number and scale of quasi-financial institutions in China are showing a rapid development trend. The number of quasi-financial institutions is expanding at a double-digit annual growth rate, and the loan and guarantee balances are also growing at a rate of more than twice the rate of RMB loans. According to statistics, as of end of 2012, the number of microfinance companies in China reached 6080, financing guarantee companies 9071, pawnshops 6084, the total amount of financing provided to the community reached 3 trillion. According to the guidelines on the pilot projects of small loan companies, the interim measures for the Management of Financial guarantee companies, and the measures for the Management of pawns, local governments shall assume the right of direct supervision over financial institutions. However, due to the unclear positioning of quasi-financial institutions, imperfect management system, unclear subject of supervision, lack of professionalism in the performance of duties and so on, there are many problems in daily supervision, such as the disunity of supervision standards, the lack of strong sense of supervision and the lack of supervision power, etc. As a result of the lack of effective supervision by some quasi-financial institutions, illegal participation in private lending, illegal fund-raising, loan sharking, and so on, it has had a very bad social impact. It is not conducive to the healthy development of the whole financial industry. Starting with the basic concept of quasi-financial institutions, this paper comprehensively combs the historical context of the evolution of the supervision system of quasi-financial institutions. This paper objectively analyzes the difficulties and problems existing in the supervision of quasi-financial institutions at present. On the basis of deep analysis of the causes, it applies the relevant theories of public management, political economy, finance and so on, and draws lessons from advanced experience and practices at home and abroad. This paper puts forward a series of practical policy suggestions on raising the level of legislation, clarifying the aim of supervision, integrating the means of supervision and establishing regulatory platform as the main content, and explores the establishment of a set of quasi-financial institution supervision system suitable for China's national conditions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：長(zhǎng)安大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：F832.1

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