【摘要】：能源是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展必不可少的生產(chǎn)要素,能源使用量與經(jīng)濟(jì)增長具有正相關(guān)的關(guān)系,能源促進(jìn)經(jīng)濟(jì)增長,反過來經(jīng)濟(jì)增長加大對能源的需求量。但能源的使用過程中應(yīng)當(dāng)注意污染問題,尤其是化石能源�；茉春剂枯^高,在使用過程中會產(chǎn)生大量的溫室氣體,再加上森林亂砍亂伐,環(huán)境破壞較為嚴(yán)重,溫室氣體極易引起氣候的異常變化�，F(xiàn)階段,全球溫室氣體的排放量已經(jīng)遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過以前的水平,經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展帶來的環(huán)境問題出現(xiàn)在各國面前。所以,理清能源與經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展之間的關(guān)系,尋找合適的方法解決溫室氣體排放十分重要。我國現(xiàn)階段已經(jīng)積極轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展模式,從粗放式發(fā)展向低碳經(jīng)濟(jì)慢慢轉(zhuǎn)變,積極調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)和產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu),促進(jìn)節(jié)能減排,降低碳排放量。近些年我國在國際會議上,積極履行大國義務(wù),對減少碳排放下定決心,制定一系列減排目標(biāo),爭取早日達(dá)到碳排放峰值。面對能耗量巨大,碳排放增多的情況,應(yīng)該認(rèn)清能源價格與能源消費之間的關(guān)系,從能源價格方面入手,對化石能源的使用量進(jìn)行調(diào)控。完善我國能源價格體系,對能源所產(chǎn)生的負(fù)外部性征收能源稅,利用能源價格的變化調(diào)整能源結(jié)構(gòu)和資本投入比例,進(jìn)一步提高節(jié)能技術(shù)的進(jìn)步。本文針對氣候變化、溫室氣體排放與能源消耗之間的關(guān)系,嘗試提出能源氣候外部性價格的概念,理清與能源價格的關(guān)系,完善現(xiàn)有能源價格體系,達(dá)到促進(jìn)碳減排的作用。能源氣候外部性價格利用能源消耗所產(chǎn)生對環(huán)境影響的負(fù)外部性效應(yīng),將其以能源稅或者能源補貼的方式等手段,增加到現(xiàn)有的能源價格當(dāng)中,屬于能源價格的一方面。能源氣候外部性價格提高傳統(tǒng)化石能源的成本投入和能源消耗碳排放成本,從而相對降低清潔可再生能源的投入成本,形成有利于促進(jìn)溫室氣體減排的能源價格體系。并且通過KAYA恒等式分析碳排放強度的因素,從能源強度和能源結(jié)構(gòu)兩個方面進(jìn)行分析,驗證對碳排放強度的影響。以能源稅的方式為例,對能源消耗強度利用能源與資本替代方式降低碳排放強度,對能源消耗結(jié)構(gòu)利用能源之間替代方式降低碳排放強度,并且進(jìn)行微觀層面的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分析。通過實證方式進(jìn)行碳排放峰值的預(yù)測,確定單位GDP能源強度需要累計下降52.3%,單位能源碳排放強度需要累計下降26.7%的減排目標(biāo)。采用相關(guān)研究數(shù)據(jù)對減排目標(biāo)進(jìn)行計算,得出化石能源稅收上調(diào)不低于現(xiàn)有能源價格的33.3%水平,可再生能源的補貼水平提高不低于現(xiàn)階段補貼的96.6%。最后部分介紹相應(yīng)的結(jié)論和路徑,從三個方面對能源氣候外部性價格的實現(xiàn)路徑進(jìn)行闡述,運用能源稅收補貼相結(jié)合作用來達(dá)到碳減排的目標(biāo),體現(xiàn)出能源氣候外部性價格,完善現(xiàn)有的能源價格機(jī)制,使經(jīng)濟(jì)得到更好的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Energy is an essential factor of production for economic development. Energy use has a positive correlation with economic growth. Energy promotes economic growth, which in turn increases the demand for energy. However, attention should be paid to pollution in the process of energy use, especially fossil energy. The carbon content of fossil energy is high and a large amount of greenhouse gas will be produced in the process of use. In addition, the environment is destroyed seriously because of the deforestation. The greenhouse gas is easy to cause the abnormal change of climate. At this stage, the global greenhouse gas emissions have far exceeded the previous level, the rapid economic development brought environmental problems in front of countries. Therefore, it is important to clarify the relationship between energy and economic development and find appropriate solutions to greenhouse gas emissions. At the present stage, our country has changed the development mode actively, from extensive development to low carbon economy, adjusting energy structure and industrial structure, promoting energy saving and emission reduction, reducing carbon emissions. In recent years, in international conferences, China has actively fulfilled the obligations of big countries, determined to reduce carbon emissions, set a series of emission reduction targets, and strive to reach the peak of carbon emissions as soon as possible. In the face of huge energy consumption and increasing carbon emissions, we should recognize the relationship between energy price and energy consumption, and control the use of fossil energy from the aspect of energy price. We should perfect the energy price system of our country, levy energy tax on the negative externalities produced by energy, adjust the energy structure and capital investment ratio by using the change of energy price, and further improve the progress of energy saving technology. Aiming at the relationship among climate change, greenhouse gas emission and energy consumption, this paper tries to put forward the concept of energy climate externality price, clarify the relationship between energy price and energy price, perfect the existing energy price system, and achieve the function of promoting carbon emission reduction. The energy climate externality price takes advantage of the negative externality effect of energy consumption on the environment, and increases it to the existing energy price by means of energy tax or energy subsidy, which belongs to one aspect of energy price. The energy climate externality price increases the traditional fossil energy cost input and the energy consumption carbon emission cost, thus relatively reduces the clean and renewable energy input cost, forms the energy price system which is advantageous to promote the greenhouse gas emission reduction. And through the KAYA identity analysis of carbon emission intensity factors from the energy intensity and energy structure to verify the impact of carbon emission intensity. Taking energy tax as an example, using energy consumption intensity and capital substitution to reduce carbon emission intensity, energy consumption structure using alternative energy mode to reduce carbon emission intensity, and microcosmic economic analysis. By forecasting the peak value of carbon emission, the energy intensity per unit GDP should be reduced by 52.3%, and the emission intensity per unit energy should be reduced by 26.7%. Using the relevant research data to calculate the emission reduction target, it is concluded that the tax increase of fossil energy is no less than 33.3% of the existing energy price, and the subsidy level of renewable energy is not lower than that of the current subsidy. The last part introduces the corresponding conclusions and paths, from three aspects of the energy climate externality price realization path is expounded, using the energy tax subsidies to achieve the goal of carbon emission reduction, reflects the energy climate externality price. Improve the existing energy price mechanism, so that the economy gets better development.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西財經(jīng)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：F426.2

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