【摘要】：裝備制造業(yè)在制造業(yè)價(jià)值鏈當(dāng)中位于高端位置,具有技術(shù)密集、資本集中、附加值高、對(duì)關(guān)聯(lián)行業(yè)帶動(dòng)性大等特點(diǎn)。不僅是國家綜合競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力和核心能力的重要顯示,還是我國日后國民經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的中堅(jiān)力量。然而與發(fā)達(dá)國家對(duì)比,我國裝備制造業(yè)企業(yè)具備以下特征:第一,缺乏核心競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,依賴發(fā)達(dá)國家的技術(shù)能力;第二,處于價(jià)值鏈的中低端,技術(shù)資本偏低,在價(jià)值創(chuàng)造過程中獲利微薄。因此我國亟需大力發(fā)展裝備制造業(yè),縮短與發(fā)達(dá)國家的距離,實(shí)現(xiàn)裝備制造企業(yè)升級(jí)。本文從企業(yè)生態(tài)位的理論出發(fā),全面剖析了對(duì)生態(tài)位理論進(jìn)行深入研究的相關(guān)專家、學(xué)者的成果,以及裝備制造行業(yè)的特征,從需求、資源、文化、技術(shù)生態(tài)位因子四個(gè)維度及具體可量化的指標(biāo)確認(rèn)了裝備制造企業(yè)的生態(tài)位評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)體系。本文運(yùn)用滬深兩市2015年裝備制造業(yè)上市公司的數(shù)據(jù)指標(biāo),剔除掉指標(biāo)數(shù)據(jù)信息不全、ST、ST*企業(yè),最后選取了950家企業(yè)作為分析評(píng)價(jià)的樣本。對(duì)原始數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行初步處理后,結(jié)合突變論,運(yùn)用突變級(jí)數(shù)法衡量企業(yè)生態(tài)位。最后針對(duì)不同生態(tài)位特征的企業(yè)提出了對(duì)應(yīng)的升級(jí)路徑。研究得出如下結(jié)論:⑴裝備制造業(yè)的類別發(fā)展規(guī)模和生態(tài)位是不均衡的。電器機(jī)械及器材業(yè)規(guī)模排名第二,綜合生態(tài)位排名是第五,規(guī)模大而綜合生態(tài)位不高,大而不強(qiáng);交通運(yùn)輸設(shè)備業(yè)平均綜合生態(tài)位排名第一,規(guī)模排名第五,規(guī)模較小而綜合生態(tài)位排名高。⑵生態(tài)位的評(píng)價(jià)方法有助于得到企業(yè)在需求、資源、文化、技術(shù)生態(tài)位四個(gè)方面及綜合后的發(fā)展情況,每個(gè)企業(yè)生態(tài)位因子情況各不相同,是不同生態(tài)位企業(yè)得出升級(jí)路徑的依據(jù)。裝備制造企業(yè)在充分考慮了內(nèi)外部環(huán)境因素后,可以選擇規(guī)避自身不足或者利用優(yōu)勢(shì)改善不足之處有從而針對(duì)性地實(shí)現(xiàn)企業(yè)升級(jí)。⑶裝備制造業(yè)綜合生態(tài)位與技術(shù)生態(tài)位總體上大致表現(xiàn)從東部、中部、西部遞減的梯度趨勢(shì)。⑷每個(gè)企業(yè)生態(tài)位因子情況各不相同,綜合生態(tài)位是4個(gè)因子共同作用的結(jié)果。其中企業(yè)個(gè)體間技術(shù)生態(tài)位差異最明顯,也是影響綜合生態(tài)位的最主要因素,技術(shù)生態(tài)位與資源生態(tài)位顯著相關(guān),因此提升綜合生態(tài)位的關(guān)鍵是提升技術(shù)生態(tài)位,提升技術(shù)生態(tài)位還要依賴資源生態(tài)位。⑸東北、西北、西南地區(qū)綜合生態(tài)位落后,并且都具有金屬制品業(yè)生態(tài)位高的特點(diǎn)。從具體的主營(yíng)業(yè)務(wù)內(nèi)容來分析,相當(dāng)多的企業(yè)從事初級(jí)產(chǎn)品的加工,產(chǎn)業(yè)鏈附加值水平低,嚴(yán)重制約了裝備制造業(yè)發(fā)展水平,亟需促進(jìn)中高端裝備制造業(yè)的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:The equipment manufacturing industry is located in the high-end position in the manufacturing value chain, with the characteristics of technology intensive, capital concentration, high added value, and great driving force to the related industries. It is not only the important manifestation of national comprehensive competitiveness and core competence, but also the backbone of national economic development in the future. However, compared with developed countries, China's equipment manufacturing enterprises have the following characteristics: first, lack of core competitiveness, relying on the technical capabilities of developed countries; Second, at the middle and low end of the value chain, the technical capital is low and the profit is meagre in the process of value creation. Therefore, it is urgent for our country to develop the equipment manufacturing industry, shorten the distance from the developed countries and upgrade the equipment manufacturing enterprises. Based on the theory of enterprise niche, this paper comprehensively analyzes the achievements of experts and scholars who have deeply studied niche theory, as well as the characteristics of equipment manufacturing industry, in terms of demand, resources, culture, The four dimensions of the technological niche factor and the specific quantifiable indexes confirm the evaluation index system of the equipment manufacturing enterprise's niche. This paper uses the data index of the equipment manufacturing listed companies in Shanghai and Shenzhen stock markets in 2015 to eliminate the incomplete information of the index data and ST,ST* enterprises. Finally, 950 enterprises are selected as samples for the analysis and evaluation. After the initial processing of the original data, combined with the catastrophe theory, the sudden change series method is used to measure the enterprise niche. Finally, the corresponding upgrade path is proposed for enterprises with different niche characteristics. The conclusions are as follows: 1 the scale and niche of equipment manufacturing industry are unbalanced. The scale of electrical machinery and equipment industry ranked second, comprehensive niche ranked fifth, large and comprehensive niche is not high, large and not strong; Transportation equipment industry ranked first in average comprehensive niche, fifth in scale, small in scale and high in comprehensive niche. The four aspects of technological niche and the development situation after synthesis, each enterprise niche factors are different, which is the basis for different niche enterprises to get the upgrade path. After fully considering the internal and external environmental factors, the equipment manufacturing enterprises, We can choose to avoid their own shortcomings or use their advantages to improve their deficiencies. 3 the overall performance of the integrated niche and technology niche of the equipment manufacturing industry is from the east to the middle. The gradient trend of decline in western China. 4 the situation of niche factors of each enterprise is different, and the comprehensive niche is the result of the four factors acting together. Among them, the difference of technology niche among enterprises is the most obvious, and it is also the most important factor that affects the comprehensive niche. Technology niche is significantly related to resource niche, so the key to enhance the integrated niche is to upgrade the technology niche. The promotion of technological niche also depends on the resource niche. 5 the comprehensive niche of northeast and southwest of China is backward, and all of them have the characteristics of high niche in metal products industry. From the analysis of the main business content, quite a lot of enterprises are engaged in the processing of primary products, and the low value-added level of the industrial chain seriously restricts the development level of the equipment manufacturing industry, so it is urgent to promote the development of the middle and high-end equipment manufacturing industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F426

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