【摘要】：產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚是各類生產(chǎn)要素向特定地理區(qū)域集中的過程,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)界關(guān)于這一現(xiàn)象的研究由來已久。上世紀(jì)90年代之后,Krugman、Ellison等人對(duì)美國(guó)制造業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了深入探討分析,引發(fā)了對(duì)于集聚現(xiàn)象的研究熱潮。在對(duì)于集聚現(xiàn)象的研究當(dāng)中,一個(gè)難以回避的重要問題是如何恰當(dāng)?shù)臏y(cè)度產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的水平,探索合適的方法來有效衡量產(chǎn)業(yè)空間集聚水平也一直是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家關(guān)注的重要研究方向。盡管國(guó)外研究在指標(biāo)構(gòu)建方面已經(jīng)取得了一些突破性的進(jìn)展,但是整體來看,國(guó)內(nèi)在集聚的靜態(tài)刻畫方面使用的指標(biāo)仍然較為原始而粗糙,尤其是由于忽略企業(yè)規(guī)模影響、缺乏必要的微觀基礎(chǔ)而造成的刻畫失真。另一方面,產(chǎn)業(yè)聚集作為一個(gè)動(dòng)態(tài)的過程,僅作簡(jiǎn)單的靜態(tài)刻畫遠(yuǎn)不足以說明集聚變動(dòng)的全部特征,這需要對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚過程進(jìn)行動(dòng)態(tài)分解研究。從20世紀(jì)90年代中后期開始,經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家開始將將文化、制度及關(guān)系等相關(guān)因素引入分析,演化經(jīng)濟(jì)地理學(xué)逐步形成,對(duì)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚的動(dòng)態(tài)研究逐步向時(shí)間、空間演變的方向過渡。本文利用1998-2009年中國(guó)工業(yè)企業(yè)數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù),從微觀數(shù)據(jù)出發(fā),分別計(jì)算了省市縣三級(jí)、30個(gè)兩位數(shù)行業(yè)、163個(gè)三位數(shù)行業(yè)和430個(gè)四位數(shù)行業(yè)的EG指數(shù),發(fā)現(xiàn)從整體看,制造業(yè)集聚水平在1998-2009年快速上升,但上升的速度逐步放緩,出現(xiàn)了"再分散"的傾向。從集聚的行業(yè)特征上看,部分行業(yè)集聚水平較高是由于受到自然資源約束,而其他一些行業(yè)的集聚則可能與運(yùn)輸成本等因素有關(guān)。進(jìn)一步地。我們對(duì)EG指數(shù)進(jìn)行了分解,從動(dòng)態(tài)演進(jìn)角度對(duì)集聚趨勢(shì)變動(dòng)進(jìn)行了考察,并與企業(yè)年齡及屬性等微觀因素相聯(lián)系,更加深入地研究了集聚趨緩的來源。研究發(fā)現(xiàn),盡管隨機(jī)效應(yīng)也在一定程度上對(duì)制造業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)集中度提升做出了貢獻(xiàn),但在當(dāng)前我國(guó)制造業(yè)空間演變過程仍然較多的取決于歷史因素;就業(yè)人口向舊有產(chǎn)業(yè)中心成熟階段企業(yè)的不斷集中始終是促進(jìn)產(chǎn)業(yè)集聚水平上升的最主要因素,而集聚趨勢(shì)的放緩則可能源于進(jìn)入階段企業(yè)均值發(fā)散效應(yīng)迅速衰減;此外國(guó)有企業(yè)屬性往往對(duì)集聚水平貢獻(xiàn)低于非國(guó)有企業(yè),這或許與國(guó)企背負(fù)的諸多非市場(chǎng)因素有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Industrial agglomeration is the process of concentration of all kinds of factors of production to specific geographical regions. The study on this phenomenon in the field of economics has a long history. After 1990s, Krugman Ellison and others deeply discussed and analyzed the phenomenon of industrial agglomeration in American manufacturing industry, which led to the upsurge of research on the phenomenon of agglomeration. In the study of the phenomenon of agglomeration, an important problem is how to measure the level of industrial agglomeration properly. Exploring suitable methods to measure the level of industrial spatial agglomeration is also an important research direction of economists. Although some breakthrough progress has been made in the field of index construction in foreign research, on the whole, the indicators used in static characterization of agglomeration are still primitive and rough, especially because of neglecting the influence of enterprise size. The lack of the necessary microscopic basis for the distortion of the characterization. On the other hand, as a dynamic process, the simple static description is far from enough to explain all the characteristics of agglomeration, which requires the dynamic decomposition of the industrial agglomeration process. From the middle and late 1990s, economists began to introduce culture, institution and relationship into the analysis, the evolution of economic geography gradually formed, and the dynamic study of industrial agglomeration gradually changed to the direction of time and space. Using the China Industrial Enterprise Database from 1998 to 2009, this paper calculates the EG index of three levels of provinces, cities and counties, 30 double-digit industries, 163 three-digit industries and 430 four-digit industries from the microcosmic data. The level of manufacturing agglomeration rose rapidly from 1998 to 2009, but the rate of increase gradually slowed down, and the trend of "re-decentralization" appeared. In terms of the industry characteristics of agglomeration, the higher level of agglomeration of some industries is due to the constraints of natural resources, while the agglomeration of other industries may be related to factors such as transportation cost and so on. Further. We decompose the EG exponent, investigate the change of agglomeration trend from the angle of dynamic evolution, and study the source of agglomeration slowing down more deeply with the microcosmic factors such as enterprise age and attribute. It is found that although the stochastic effect also contributes to the improvement of manufacturing industry concentration to a certain extent, the spatial evolution of manufacturing industry in China still depends on historical factors. The continuous concentration of the employed population to the mature stage of the old industrial center is always the most important factor to promote the rise of the industrial agglomeration level, and the slowing down of the agglomeration trend may result from the rapid attenuation of the average divergence effect in the entering stage. In addition, the attributes of state-owned enterprises often contribute less to the level of agglomeration than non-state-owned enterprises, which may be related to many non-market factors that state-owned enterprises bear.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F424

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