【摘要】：目前,全球經(jīng)濟(jì)增速放緩,中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)新常態(tài)運(yùn)行,我國(guó)鋼鐵需求不再維持以前的高速增長(zhǎng)。在鋼鐵需求不足且銷售價(jià)格低于生產(chǎn)成本的情況下,西鋼集團(tuán)近年來持續(xù)虧損。如何降低采購(gòu)成本,扭虧為盈成為西鋼集團(tuán)面臨的最根本問題。鐵礦石采購(gòu)成本占西鋼集團(tuán)原材料總成本的80%,鐵礦石采購(gòu)價(jià)格的下降將直接提升鋼鐵銷售利潤(rùn),因此研究鐵礦石采購(gòu)定價(jià)策略對(duì)西鋼集團(tuán)至關(guān)重要。在學(xué)術(shù)研究方面,國(guó)內(nèi)外學(xué)者對(duì)于鐵礦石定價(jià)研究有著許多的成果,其研究重點(diǎn)多數(shù)在長(zhǎng)協(xié)定價(jià)機(jī)制演變及對(duì)鋼鐵企業(yè)影響、季度指數(shù)定價(jià)特征和海運(yùn)鐵礦石定價(jià)決定因素分析等現(xiàn)實(shí)問題上,但是研究視角均以三大礦山主導(dǎo)的海運(yùn)鐵礦石市場(chǎng)為主,對(duì)于陸運(yùn)進(jìn)口鐵礦石市場(chǎng)分析和定價(jià)策略研究存在著一定的空白。事實(shí)上,我國(guó)邊境地區(qū)鋼鐵企業(yè)均利用地緣優(yōu)勢(shì),采取陸運(yùn)方式進(jìn)口鐵礦石。在這樣的背景下,本文選取西鋼集團(tuán)作為研究對(duì)象,從不同市場(chǎng)選擇到對(duì)應(yīng)市場(chǎng)定價(jià)策略選取進(jìn)行逐步分析展現(xiàn)。本文立足于當(dāng)前國(guó)際鐵礦石市場(chǎng)情況,通過對(duì)長(zhǎng)協(xié)定價(jià)機(jī)制和季度定價(jià)機(jī)制的介紹,給出西鋼集團(tuán)可以借鑒的定價(jià)方式。同時(shí)通過供求曲線分析,說明指數(shù)定價(jià)下市場(chǎng)的可操縱性。分析各個(gè)鐵礦石采購(gòu)市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu),研究供應(yīng)商市場(chǎng)所占份額。從市場(chǎng)變動(dòng)、賣方行為和交易成本等方面分析現(xiàn)行定價(jià)策略存在的問題,通過模型分析賣方超額利潤(rùn),并通過實(shí)際交易價(jià)格對(duì)比論證賣方合謀行為。比對(duì)長(zhǎng)協(xié)定價(jià)機(jī)制和季度指數(shù)定價(jià)機(jī)制對(duì)西鋼成本的影響,結(jié)合西鋼特定采購(gòu)需求和季節(jié)因素,給出相應(yīng)策略下的定價(jià)優(yōu)化。本文以西鋼集團(tuán)為分析對(duì)象,力求對(duì)鐵礦石采購(gòu)定價(jià)策略選取中涉及的定價(jià)機(jī)制、市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)、綜合成本和季度因素影響等諸多內(nèi)容進(jìn)行展示,為邊境地區(qū)鋼鐵企業(yè)鐵礦石采購(gòu)定價(jià)提供分析參考,為企業(yè)管理者提供有益的借鑒。
[Abstract]:At present, global economic growth is slowing, the new normal operation of China's economy, China's steel demand no longer maintain the previous rapid growth. XISCO has continued to lose money in recent years amid a lack of steel demand and lower sales prices than production costs. How to reduce purchasing costs and turn losses into profits has become the most fundamental problem faced by XISCO. The iron ore purchase cost accounts for 80% of the total raw material cost of XISCO, and the falling iron ore price will directly boost the profit of steel sales, so studying the iron ore purchasing pricing strategy is very important to XISCO. In academic research, scholars at home and abroad have a lot of achievements in iron ore pricing research, most of which focus on the evolution of the long Association pricing mechanism and its impact on iron and steel enterprises. The quarterly index pricing characteristics and the analysis of the determinants of seaborne iron ore pricing are realistic issues, but the perspective of the research is mainly the seaborne iron ore market dominated by the three major mines. There are some gaps in the market analysis and pricing strategy of imported iron ore by land. In fact, iron and steel enterprises in border areas of our country take advantage of geographical advantages to import iron ore by land transport. Under this background, this paper selects XISCO Group as the research object, from different market selection to the corresponding market pricing strategy selection for step-by-step analysis and demonstration. Based on the current situation of international iron ore market, this paper introduces the pricing mechanism of long term association and quarterly pricing mechanism, and gives the pricing methods that can be used for reference by XISCO Group. At the same time, through the supply and demand curve analysis, the index pricing under the market maneuverability. Analyze the structure of each iron ore purchasing market and study the market share of suppliers. This paper analyzes the problems existing in the current pricing strategy from the aspects of market change, seller's behavior and transaction cost, analyzes the excess profit of the seller through the model, and proves the collusion behavior of the seller by comparing the actual transaction prices. By comparing the influence of long term association pricing mechanism and quarterly index pricing mechanism on the cost of XISCO, combined with the specific purchasing demand and seasonal factors of XISCO, the pricing optimization under the corresponding strategy is given. In this paper, we try to show the pricing mechanism, market structure, comprehensive cost and quarterly influence of iron ore purchasing pricing strategy. This paper provides an analysis reference for iron ore purchasing pricing of iron and steel enterprises in border area, and provides useful reference for enterprise managers.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：F426.31;F274

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