模架集成式粉末精密壓制成形設(shè)備的設(shè)計(jì)與研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2019-01-30 12:31
【摘要】：在粉末冶金生產(chǎn)實(shí)踐中，裝備水平是制約產(chǎn)品密度和精度的重要因素。針對(duì)目前國(guó)內(nèi)粉末成形裝備中存在的結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜、體積較大，設(shè)備成本較高等不足之處；本文提出的研究目標(biāo)是：研制一種粉末精密成形專用設(shè)備，集成上二下三模架，通過(guò)集成的油缸驅(qū)動(dòng)，結(jié)合閉環(huán)控制，能成形高精度、高密度且密度分布均勻的復(fù)雜粉末冶金零件。 本文為研制出新型粉末精密成形設(shè)備提出了集成模架設(shè)計(jì)方案，它實(shí)現(xiàn)壓機(jī)與模架集成化設(shè)計(jì)，使得設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，調(diào)試方便，能最大限度發(fā)揮粉末成形專用設(shè)備的特點(diǎn)，提高成形精度，降低設(shè)備價(jià)格。針對(duì)模架集成式粉末成形設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)，首先對(duì)粉末壓制過(guò)程中粉末的本構(gòu)模型進(jìn)行力學(xué)建模，提出一種更符合實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的的粉末材料流動(dòng)應(yīng)力模型，獲得壓制過(guò)程的載荷；并以此為基礎(chǔ)，通過(guò)數(shù)值模擬方法，研究在典型粉末冶金零件的壓制成形過(guò)程中,壓制載荷對(duì)粉末精密成形設(shè)備的影響，實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)方案校核；并針對(duì)模架集成式粉末精密成形設(shè)備的特點(diǎn)設(shè)計(jì)制造液壓系統(tǒng)，綜合壓機(jī)本體和液壓系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)制造配套的控制系統(tǒng)，編制控制軟件，并實(shí)現(xiàn)了樣機(jī)研制，并取得以下研究成果： 首先要取得壓制過(guò)程設(shè)備的載荷，通過(guò)對(duì)粉末壓制過(guò)程中粉末力學(xué)模型進(jìn)行研究，推導(dǎo)出橢球形粉末屈服準(zhǔn)則，以實(shí)現(xiàn)粉末壓制過(guò)程的數(shù)值模擬，分別模擬計(jì)算粉末壓制過(guò)程的載荷－行程曲線，通過(guò)實(shí)驗(yàn)和模擬的載荷－行程曲線的對(duì)比，分析粉末壓制過(guò)程中流動(dòng)應(yīng)力的變化。結(jié)合粉末進(jìn)行壓制實(shí)驗(yàn)，對(duì)結(jié)果進(jìn)行分析、整理，考慮了Doraivelu的流動(dòng)應(yīng)力模型對(duì)δ(ρ)的量綱分析，提出用于模架集成式粉末成形設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)的流動(dòng)應(yīng)力模型。 采用該模型模擬圓柱試樣的壓制過(guò)程，計(jì)算粉末壓制的載荷-行程曲線,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明，該模型更貼近粉末力學(xué)行為。采用該模型計(jì)算粉末壓坯的相對(duì)密度分布,與實(shí)驗(yàn)值比較,表明該模型模擬的結(jié)果較為可靠。采用上述流動(dòng)應(yīng)力模型，模擬了典型零件的粉末壓制過(guò)程，為下一步模架集成式粉末成形設(shè)備成形加載提供基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)。 基于多體動(dòng)力學(xué)數(shù)值模擬方法，建立了模架集成式粉末成形設(shè)備整機(jī)接觸分析的有限元計(jì)算模型，進(jìn)行了粉末成形設(shè)備整機(jī)結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)度與剛度分析，得出了整機(jī)及其各子結(jié)構(gòu)的變形和應(yīng)力分布云圖，從變形云圖中可以得出，各個(gè)模板的最大變形撓度均在安全范圍之內(nèi)。將各子結(jié)構(gòu)的最大應(yīng)力值與其材料的屈服極限進(jìn)行比較后，可知各零件仍處于彈性變形范圍之內(nèi)，沒(méi)有發(fā)生屈服；計(jì)算結(jié)果對(duì)于結(jié)構(gòu)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)具有理論指導(dǎo)作用。 對(duì)模架集成式粉末成形設(shè)備進(jìn)行模態(tài)分析，得到各階固有頻率及對(duì)應(yīng)的固有振型。提取前10階固有頻率及對(duì)應(yīng)的固有振型。設(shè)備模態(tài)分析計(jì)算結(jié)果表明，設(shè)備的各階模態(tài)頻率之間沒(méi)有重疊，不會(huì)產(chǎn)生共振，各階模態(tài)的變形趨勢(shì)��；從計(jì)算結(jié)果來(lái)看，可以看出整機(jī)的固有頻率對(duì)整機(jī)振動(dòng)的影響，顯示出了整機(jī)各部分結(jié)構(gòu)振動(dòng)的強(qiáng)弱分布以及抗振薄弱區(qū)，為減少模架集成式粉末成形設(shè)備振動(dòng)和噪聲提供了可靠的依據(jù)，為成形設(shè)備結(jié)構(gòu)動(dòng)力學(xué)優(yōu)化設(shè)計(jì)提供了必要的依據(jù)。 對(duì)模架集成式粉末成形設(shè)備的液壓及控制系統(tǒng)進(jìn)行研究，液壓傳動(dòng)回路中使用插裝閥回路、電液比例閥，與光柵尺、壓力傳感器構(gòu)成控制回路，實(shí)現(xiàn)每個(gè)沖頭都能獨(dú)立進(jìn)行精確的連續(xù)軌跡控制，在壓制各臺(tái)面之間高度差別大的多臺(tái)面零件時(shí)，能夠使各沖頭在壓制過(guò)程中保持近乎一致的高度變化速率，以較高的工作效率和較高的成形精度壓制出密度均勻的粉末零件。 成功研制了模架集成式粉末成形設(shè)備樣機(jī)，并成功實(shí)現(xiàn)典型零件加工試制，設(shè)備滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求，所提出的用于模架與粉末成形設(shè)備相集成的設(shè)計(jì)方案改變傳統(tǒng)設(shè)備的結(jié)構(gòu)，能最大限度發(fā)揮粉末成形專用設(shè)備的特點(diǎn)，并形成自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。該設(shè)備的模架由對(duì)稱分布的集成油缸驅(qū)動(dòng)，獨(dú)立控制多個(gè)模沖實(shí)現(xiàn)上二、下三多臺(tái)面復(fù)雜零件的壓制。采用光柵尺、傳感器和液壓系統(tǒng)組合，，檢測(cè)模沖位置和壓力，能進(jìn)行精確閉環(huán)控制，設(shè)備精度達(dá)到±0.03mm。
[Abstract]:In the production practice of powder metallurgy, the equipment level is an important factor to restrict the density and precision of the product. aiming at the defects of complex structure, large volume, high equipment cost and the like existing in the present domestic powder forming equipment, the aim of the invention is to develop a special equipment for powder precision forming, the invention can be used for forming complex powder metallurgy parts with high precision, high density and uniform density distribution. In this paper, a new type of powder precision forming equipment is designed, and the integrated design of the press and the die base is realized, so that the equipment is simple in structure and convenient to debug, and the characteristics of the special equipment for powder forming can be played to the maximum extent, the forming precision is improved, and the price of the equipment is reduced. The invention aims at the equipment design of an integrated powder forming device of a die frame, firstly, carrying out mechanical modeling on the structure model of the powder in the powder pressing process, and providing a powder material flow stress model which is more in line with the experimental results, and obtaining the load of the pressing process; and based on the model, the numerical simulation side In this paper, the influence of the pressing load on the powder precision forming equipment is studied in the process of pressing and forming of the typical powder metallurgy parts, and the design scheme of the equipment is checked; and the hydraulic system is designed for the characteristics of the integrated powder precision forming equipment of the die frame. The control system for the design and manufacture of the main body and the hydraulic system of the system, the integrated press body and the hydraulic system is designed, the control software is developed, and the development of the prototype is realized, and the following research is made: The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, obtaining the load of the pressing process equipment, and feeding the powder mechanical model in the powder pressing process; In this paper, the yield criterion of the ellipsoidal powder is derived, the numerical simulation of the powder pressing process is realized, the load-stroke curve of the powder pressing process is simulated respectively, and the flow stress in the powder pressing process is analyzed by the comparison of the experiment and the simulated load-stroke curve. In this paper, the results are analyzed and sorted, and the dimensional analysis of the flow stress model of the Dvortexu is taken into account, and the flow of the integrated powder forming equipment for the die set is put forward. The force model is used to simulate the pressing process of the cylindrical sample, and the load-stroke curve of the powder pressing is calculated. The experimental results show that the model is closer to the powder. The relative density distribution of the powder compact is calculated by using the model, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental values. The flow stress model is adopted, the powder pressing process of a typical part is simulated, and the forming and loading lifting of the integrated powder forming equipment of the next step is provided. Based on the multi-body dynamics numerical simulation method, the finite element calculation model of the contact analysis of the integrated powder forming equipment of the die set is established, and the structural strength and the rigidity analysis of the whole machine of the powder forming equipment are analyzed, and the deformation of the whole machine and the sub-structures of the whole machine is obtained. and the maximum deformation deflection of each template is In the safe range, the maximum stress value of each sub-structure is compared with the yield limit of the material, so that the parts are still in the elastic deformation range, and the yield is not generated; and the calculation result is good for the structural optimization design. The mode analysis is carried out on the integrated powder forming equipment of the die set to obtain the inherent frequency of each order. rate and corresponding natural mode. The first 10-order intrinsic frequency is extracted The results of the modal analysis of the equipment show that there is no overlap between the modal frequencies of the equipment, the resonance is not generated, the deformation trend of each mode is small, and the inherent frequency of the whole machine can be seen from the calculation results. The influence of the rate on the vibration of the whole machine shows the strong and weak distribution of the vibration of each part of the whole machine and the weak area of the anti-vibration, and provides a reliable basis for reducing the vibration and noise of the integrated powder forming equipment of the die set, and the structure dynamics of the forming equipment is optimized. The necessary basis is provided. The hydraulic and control system of the integrated powder forming equipment of the formwork is studied. The hydraulic transmission circuit uses the plug-in valve circuit, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve, the pressure sensor and the pressure sensor to form the control loop, so that each punch can be independent. the precise continuous track control is carried out, and when the multi-table part with large height difference is pressed between the pressing surfaces, the punch can keep a nearly uniform height change rate in the pressing process, and the high working efficiency and the higher forming precision pressure can be achieved. The powder parts with uniform density were manufactured successfully. The prototype of the integrated powder forming equipment of the die set was successfully developed, and the typical part processing and trial production were successfully realized. The equipment met the design requirements, and the proposed method was used for the integration of the die set and the powder forming equipment. The design scheme changes the structure of the traditional equipment, and can give full play to the special equipment for powder forming. The mould base of the equipment is driven by an integrated oil cylinder with a symmetrical distribution, and an accurate closed-loop control can be carried out by adopting a combination of a grating ruler, a sensor and a hydraulic system, detecting the position and the pressure of the die,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TF37
本文編號(hào)：2418130
[Abstract]:In the production practice of powder metallurgy, the equipment level is an important factor to restrict the density and precision of the product. aiming at the defects of complex structure, large volume, high equipment cost and the like existing in the present domestic powder forming equipment, the aim of the invention is to develop a special equipment for powder precision forming, the invention can be used for forming complex powder metallurgy parts with high precision, high density and uniform density distribution. In this paper, a new type of powder precision forming equipment is designed, and the integrated design of the press and the die base is realized, so that the equipment is simple in structure and convenient to debug, and the characteristics of the special equipment for powder forming can be played to the maximum extent, the forming precision is improved, and the price of the equipment is reduced. The invention aims at the equipment design of an integrated powder forming device of a die frame, firstly, carrying out mechanical modeling on the structure model of the powder in the powder pressing process, and providing a powder material flow stress model which is more in line with the experimental results, and obtaining the load of the pressing process; and based on the model, the numerical simulation side In this paper, the influence of the pressing load on the powder precision forming equipment is studied in the process of pressing and forming of the typical powder metallurgy parts, and the design scheme of the equipment is checked; and the hydraulic system is designed for the characteristics of the integrated powder precision forming equipment of the die frame. The control system for the design and manufacture of the main body and the hydraulic system of the system, the integrated press body and the hydraulic system is designed, the control software is developed, and the development of the prototype is realized, and the following research is made: The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, obtaining the load of the pressing process equipment, and feeding the powder mechanical model in the powder pressing process; In this paper, the yield criterion of the ellipsoidal powder is derived, the numerical simulation of the powder pressing process is realized, the load-stroke curve of the powder pressing process is simulated respectively, and the flow stress in the powder pressing process is analyzed by the comparison of the experiment and the simulated load-stroke curve. In this paper, the results are analyzed and sorted, and the dimensional analysis of the flow stress model of the Dvortexu is taken into account, and the flow of the integrated powder forming equipment for the die set is put forward. The force model is used to simulate the pressing process of the cylindrical sample, and the load-stroke curve of the powder pressing is calculated. The experimental results show that the model is closer to the powder. The relative density distribution of the powder compact is calculated by using the model, and the simulation results are compared with the experimental values. The flow stress model is adopted, the powder pressing process of a typical part is simulated, and the forming and loading lifting of the integrated powder forming equipment of the next step is provided. Based on the multi-body dynamics numerical simulation method, the finite element calculation model of the contact analysis of the integrated powder forming equipment of the die set is established, and the structural strength and the rigidity analysis of the whole machine of the powder forming equipment are analyzed, and the deformation of the whole machine and the sub-structures of the whole machine is obtained. and the maximum deformation deflection of each template is In the safe range, the maximum stress value of each sub-structure is compared with the yield limit of the material, so that the parts are still in the elastic deformation range, and the yield is not generated; and the calculation result is good for the structural optimization design. The mode analysis is carried out on the integrated powder forming equipment of the die set to obtain the inherent frequency of each order. rate and corresponding natural mode. The first 10-order intrinsic frequency is extracted The results of the modal analysis of the equipment show that there is no overlap between the modal frequencies of the equipment, the resonance is not generated, the deformation trend of each mode is small, and the inherent frequency of the whole machine can be seen from the calculation results. The influence of the rate on the vibration of the whole machine shows the strong and weak distribution of the vibration of each part of the whole machine and the weak area of the anti-vibration, and provides a reliable basis for reducing the vibration and noise of the integrated powder forming equipment of the die set, and the structure dynamics of the forming equipment is optimized. The necessary basis is provided. The hydraulic and control system of the integrated powder forming equipment of the formwork is studied. The hydraulic transmission circuit uses the plug-in valve circuit, the electro-hydraulic proportional valve, the pressure sensor and the pressure sensor to form the control loop, so that each punch can be independent. the precise continuous track control is carried out, and when the multi-table part with large height difference is pressed between the pressing surfaces, the punch can keep a nearly uniform height change rate in the pressing process, and the high working efficiency and the higher forming precision pressure can be achieved. The powder parts with uniform density were manufactured successfully. The prototype of the integrated powder forming equipment of the die set was successfully developed, and the typical part processing and trial production were successfully realized. The equipment met the design requirements, and the proposed method was used for the integration of the die set and the powder forming equipment. The design scheme changes the structure of the traditional equipment, and can give full play to the special equipment for powder forming. The mould base of the equipment is driven by an integrated oil cylinder with a symmetrical distribution, and an accurate closed-loop control can be carried out by adopting a combination of a grating ruler, a sensor and a hydraulic system, detecting the position and the pressure of the die,
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華南理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號(hào)】：TF37
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