本文關(guān)鍵詞：我國探月工程知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)研究　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：探月工程是一項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)國家意志的重大尖端科技工程,工程是各種尖端科技的系統(tǒng)集成。與普通科技成果的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)相比,探月工程知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)具有特殊性。這種特殊性,首先表現(xiàn)在探月工程知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)具有系統(tǒng)性,探月工程任何一項(xiàng)技術(shù)改進(jìn)或者裝置功能的提升都極有可能產(chǎn)生大量的科技成果,需要專利權(quán)、著作權(quán)以及商業(yè)秘密、技術(shù)秘密的系統(tǒng)保護(hù),而且探月工程知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)需要協(xié)調(diào)普通知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法規(guī)、國防知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法規(guī)以及國家科研計劃管理法規(guī)等多種法律規(guī)范,從而形成系統(tǒng)的法律保護(hù)。其次,外層空間環(huán)境的特殊性使得現(xiàn)有可專利條件的新穎性、創(chuàng)造性在適用于探月工程科技成果時需要作出新的解釋。最后,探月工程知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的法律規(guī)范具有特殊性,現(xiàn)有知識產(chǎn)權(quán)“私權(quán)”、“排他性”內(nèi)涵與國際外空法“外空非主權(quán)”、“外空共有”等原則之間的沖突也日益突出。這些特殊性,使得為其提供合適的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)成為必要,良好的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)制度,不僅有利于激發(fā)科研人員的創(chuàng)新積極性,促進(jìn)空間技術(shù)的進(jìn)步,適應(yīng)外空商業(yè)化、私營化的特點(diǎn),而且有利于我國參與激烈的外空競爭,維護(hù)外空合作中的國家利益。目前,我國關(guān)于探月工程知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)的法律規(guī)定分散于各行政法規(guī)與部門規(guī)章中,缺乏專門的立法。隨著我國國防科研體制的改革以及外空國際合作的不斷發(fā)展,現(xiàn)有知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度存在的管理機(jī)構(gòu)條塊分割協(xié)調(diào)性差的問題也將日益凸顯,而知識產(chǎn)權(quán)法規(guī)忽視科研單位及職務(wù)發(fā)明人知識產(chǎn)權(quán)利益的保護(hù)將嚴(yán)重打擊科研人員的創(chuàng)新積極性,現(xiàn)有專利申請程序存在審批期限過長、臨時保護(hù)不力等問題,將難以為探月工程知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)提供及時有效的法律保護(hù)。為完善探月工程知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)制度,需要制定專門的國家航空航天法,建立快捷有效的專利申請程序,以適應(yīng)空間技術(shù)快速發(fā)展的特點(diǎn)。在專利成果權(quán)屬上采取“放權(quán)原則”,賦予發(fā)明人以專利實(shí)施和轉(zhuǎn)讓權(quán),從而激勵項(xiàng)目承擔(dān)者的創(chuàng)新積極性,同時健全探月科技專利轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制。改革現(xiàn)有的普通專利和國防專利管理機(jī)制,將地方國防專利行政管理職權(quán)劃歸國家知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局,將隸屬于總裝備部的國防知識產(chǎn)權(quán)局改隸國防部。建立航天企業(yè)的人事管理制度,實(shí)施合同管理制度,明確彼此間的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)權(quán)利與義務(wù),并在工程項(xiàng)目的驗(yàn)收中,根據(jù)項(xiàng)目風(fēng)險性的不同,采取不同的知識產(chǎn)權(quán)評價標(biāo)準(zhǔn),以加強(qiáng)項(xiàng)目知識產(chǎn)權(quán)監(jiān)督。此外,在探月工程參與國際合作與競爭的過程中,要實(shí)行專利先行戰(zhàn)略,通過申請國際專利,強(qiáng)化在目標(biāo)國或合作國的專利專利保護(hù)。為實(shí)現(xiàn)國際知識產(chǎn)權(quán)公約與國際外空法的協(xié)調(diào),我國應(yīng)主動通過雙邊或多邊協(xié)議,彌補(bǔ)國際公約在探月領(lǐng)域的缺位,推動國際空間知識產(chǎn)權(quán)保護(hù)公約出臺。
[Abstract]:Lunar exploration project is a major cutting-edge science and technology project which embodies the national will. It is a systematic integration of various cutting-edge science and technology, compared with the intellectual property protection of common scientific and technological achievements. The protection of intellectual property rights of lunar exploration projects has its particularity. The first manifestation of this particularity lies in the systematic nature of intellectual property protection of lunar exploration projects. Any technical improvement or improvement of installation functions in lunar exploration projects is likely to produce a large number of scientific and technological achievements, requiring the systematic protection of patent rights, copyright, trade secrets and technical secrets. And the protection of intellectual property rights of lunar exploration projects needs to coordinate general intellectual property laws and regulations, national defense intellectual property laws and regulations and national scientific research plan management regulations and other legal norms, so as to form a system of legal protection. Secondly. The particularity of the outer space environment makes the novelty of the existing patentable conditions and creative application to the scientific and technological achievements of lunar exploration projects require new explanations. Finally. The legal norms of intellectual property protection of lunar exploration project are special. The existing intellectual property rights are "private right", "exclusive" connotation and international outer space law "outer space non-sovereignty". Conflicts between the principles of "sharing in outer space" are also increasingly prominent. These particularities make it necessary to provide them with appropriate intellectual property protection and a sound intellectual property system. It is not only conducive to stimulate the innovation enthusiasm of scientific research personnel, promote the progress of space technology, adapt to the characteristics of commercialization and privatization of outer space, but also benefit our country to participate in the fierce outer space competition. Protection of national interests in outer space cooperation. At present, the legal provisions on intellectual property protection of lunar exploration projects in China are scattered in various administrative regulations and departmental regulations. Lack of special legislation. With the reform of our national defense research system and the continuous development of international cooperation in outer space, the existing intellectual property rights protection system has the problem of poor coordination and fragmentation of management agencies. The intellectual property laws and regulations ignore the protection of the intellectual property interests of scientific research units and job inventors will seriously dampen the innovation enthusiasm of scientific research personnel. The existing patent application procedure has a long period of examination and approval. Such problems as inadequate temporary protection will be difficult to provide timely and effective legal protection for the intellectual property protection of lunar exploration projects. In order to improve the intellectual property protection system of lunar exploration projects, special national aviation and aerospace laws should be formulated. To establish a fast and effective patent application procedure to adapt to the characteristics of the rapid development of space technology, to adopt the "principle of decentralization" in the ownership of patent achievements, and to endow inventors with the right to patent implementation and transfer. In order to encourage the initiative of the project bearer innovation, at the same time improve the transformation mechanism of scientific and technological patents, and reform the existing common patent and national defense patent management mechanism. The administrative authority for local national defense patents shall be assigned to the State intellectual property Office, and the National Defense intellectual property Office, which is subordinate to the General Armament Department, shall be transferred to the Ministry of National Defense. The personnel management system for aerospace enterprises shall be established and the contract management system implemented. Make clear each other's intellectual property rights and obligations, and in the acceptance of the project, according to the different project risk, adopt different intellectual property evaluation standards, in order to strengthen the project intellectual property supervision. In the process of participating in international cooperation and competition, the project of lunar exploration should implement the patent-first strategy and apply for international patent. In order to achieve the coordination between international intellectual property rights convention and international outer space law, China should take the initiative through bilateral or multilateral agreements to make up for the absence of international conventions in the field of lunar exploration. Promote the promulgation of the International Convention on the Protection of intellectual property Rights in Space.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：D923.4

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