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解決爭(zhēng)議功能視角下的行政復(fù)議調(diào)解制度研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-11-08 15:31
【摘要】:《行政復(fù)議法》把行政復(fù)議制度的功能定位在內(nèi)部監(jiān)督,,從而使得行政復(fù)議活動(dòng)的目標(biāo)是糾正被申請(qǐng)人違法或不當(dāng)?shù)男姓袨,這就容易忽視申請(qǐng)人在行政復(fù)議活動(dòng)中的一些權(quán)利,比如知情權(quán)、參與權(quán)、監(jiān)督權(quán)等權(quán)利,導(dǎo)致行政復(fù)議活動(dòng)的公信力和權(quán)威性大大降低,同時(shí)致使行政復(fù)議制度經(jīng)濟(jì)、便捷、徹底等優(yōu)勢(shì)沒有得到充分發(fā)揮。而以解決爭(zhēng)議為功能的重新定位,很好地克服了上述缺陷,是行政復(fù)議制度準(zhǔn)司法性質(zhì)的客觀體現(xiàn)。因?yàn)樵摴δ芏ㄎ痪哂谢A(chǔ)性和包容性:在實(shí)現(xiàn)解決行政爭(zhēng)議功能的過(guò)程中,客觀上必然包含了對(duì)被申請(qǐng)人行政行為的監(jiān)督以及對(duì)申請(qǐng)人權(quán)利的救濟(jì)等功能;而且,內(nèi)部監(jiān)督、權(quán)利救濟(jì)以及其它功能的實(shí)現(xiàn)也有助于爭(zhēng)議的解決,前后是相輔相成、相互促進(jìn)的關(guān)系。 調(diào)解作為社會(huì)多元化糾紛解決的一種方式,因其在私權(quán)處分方面具有成本低、高效率、維持當(dāng)事人關(guān)系良性發(fā)展等特點(diǎn)而在私法領(lǐng)域得到充分發(fā)展。與此同時(shí),在實(shí)踐的基礎(chǔ)上,調(diào)解在行政復(fù)議活動(dòng)也得到了較多使用和發(fā)展,并成為行政復(fù)議制度發(fā)揮解決行政爭(zhēng)議功能的重要途徑之一。但是,1990年的《行政復(fù)議條例》(已廢止)規(guī)定,行政復(fù)議機(jī)關(guān)審理復(fù)議案件,不適用調(diào)解。之后1999年《行政復(fù)議法》雖然取消了這一規(guī)定,但對(duì)能否適用調(diào)解未作出明確的規(guī)定。根據(jù)一般理解,未經(jīng)法律授權(quán),行政機(jī)關(guān)在行政復(fù)議中不可適用調(diào)解!皥(jiān)持有錯(cuò)必糾”是不適用調(diào)解的精神體現(xiàn)。然而,在具體的辦案中,行政復(fù)議機(jī)關(guān)已經(jīng)突破復(fù)議活動(dòng)不適用調(diào)解的限制,出現(xiàn)“變相調(diào)解”的現(xiàn)象,即協(xié)調(diào)辦案。隨著協(xié)調(diào)辦案在行政復(fù)議實(shí)踐中取得較好的效果,2007年出臺(tái)的《行政復(fù)議法實(shí)施條例》第50條開始確立行政復(fù)議調(diào)解制度。通過(guò)對(duì)復(fù)議案例的分析總結(jié),發(fā)現(xiàn)行政復(fù)議調(diào)解制度在提高行政復(fù)議活動(dòng)效率、徹底化解矛盾、監(jiān)督行政行為以及保障申請(qǐng)人的合法權(quán)益等方面發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。但是,由于行政復(fù)議調(diào)解制度尚存在法律依據(jù)不足、具體適用范圍較狹窄、適用范圍的程序沒有具體規(guī)則以及行政復(fù)議調(diào)解書的效力與救濟(jì)途徑缺失等缺陷,使得行政復(fù)議調(diào)解制度本身應(yīng)有的作用未完全發(fā)揮出來(lái)。因此,為了更好發(fā)揮行政復(fù)議制度解決爭(zhēng)議的功能,就需要對(duì)行政復(fù)議調(diào)解制度的相關(guān)內(nèi)容進(jìn)行細(xì)化和完善。比如修改《行政復(fù)議法》,為行政復(fù)議調(diào)解制度提供法律依據(jù);一定程度上擴(kuò)大復(fù)議調(diào)解制度適用的范圍;制定適當(dāng)?shù)膹?fù)議調(diào)解的程序規(guī)則;完善行政復(fù)議調(diào)解書的救濟(jì)制度。
[Abstract]:The Administrative Review Law defines the function of the administrative reconsideration system as the internal supervision, so that the object of the administrative reconsideration activity is to correct the illegal or improper administrative behavior of the respondent. This makes it easy to ignore some of the rights of the applicant in the administrative reconsideration activities, such as the right to know, the right to participate, the right to supervise, and so on, which leads to a great decline in the credibility and authority of the administrative reconsideration activities, and at the same time makes the administrative review system economical and convenient. Thorough wait for advantage is not given full play. The reorientation of the function of resolving disputes overcomes the above defects and is the objective embodiment of the quasi-judicial nature of administrative reconsideration system. Because the function orientation is basic and inclusive: in the process of realizing the function of resolving administrative disputes, the function of supervising the administrative act of the respondent and the relief of the applicant's right must be included objectively; Moreover, the realization of internal supervision, right relief and other functions is also helpful to the settlement of disputes. Mediation, as a way to resolve disputes in a pluralistic society, has been fully developed in the field of private law because of its low cost, high efficiency and good development of the relationship between the parties. At the same time, on the basis of practice, mediation has been more used and developed in administrative reconsideration activities, and has become one of the important ways for administrative reconsideration system to play its role in resolving administrative disputes. However, the 1990 regulations on Administrative Review (abolished) stipulate that mediation shall not be applicable to administrative reconsideration organs in handling reconsideration cases. After that, although the Administrative Review Law of 1999 abolished this provision, there was no clear provision as to whether mediation could be applied. According to the general understanding, the administrative organ cannot apply mediation in administrative reconsideration without legal authorization. The spirit of not applying mediation is to insist on correcting mistakes. However, in the specific handling of cases, the administrative review organs have broken through the limitation of non-application of mediation in reconsideration activities, and the phenomenon of "disguised mediation", that is, coordinated handling of cases, appears. With the coordination of handling cases in the practice of administrative review achieved better results, in 2007 "Administrative Review Law implementation regulations" Article 50 began to establish the administrative reconsideration mediation system. Through the analysis and summary of the cases of reconsideration, it is found that the mediation system of administrative reconsideration has played a great role in improving the efficiency of administrative reconsideration activities, thoroughly resolving contradictions, supervising administrative actions and safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the applicants. However, due to the lack of legal basis, the specific scope of application is relatively narrow, there are no specific rules for the procedure of the scope of application, and the effectiveness of the mediation document of administrative reconsideration and the lack of remedies, etc. So that the administrative reconsideration mediation system itself should not fully play its role. Therefore, in order to give full play to the function of administrative reconsideration system in resolving disputes, it is necessary to refine and perfect the relevant contents of administrative reconsideration mediation system. For example, to amend the Administrative reconsideration Law to provide the legal basis for the administrative reconsideration mediation system; to a certain extent, to expand the scope of application of the reconsideration mediation system; to formulate appropriate procedural rules for reconsideration mediation; and to improve the relief system of the administrative reconsideration mediation document.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:華東政法大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2014
【分類號(hào)】:D922.11

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