發(fā)布時間：2018-07-05 06:57

  本文選題：城市社區(qū) + 防災減災　； 參考：《西南政法大學》2014年碩士論文

【摘要】：社區(qū)防災減災是城市防災減災的基石。然而，綜觀我國城市社區(qū)防災減災理論和實踐現(xiàn)狀，城市社區(qū)防災減災仍處于初步探索階段，尤其是相關法律制度建設的滯后，已經(jīng)嚴重制約我國城市社區(qū)防災減災水平的提高。因此，有必要深入研究我國城市社區(qū)防災減災法制問題，通過對城市社區(qū)防災減災法律制度現(xiàn)狀和問題進行梳理，借鑒其他國家相關經(jīng)驗，尋求完善城市社區(qū)防災減災法律制度的路徑，，進而推動我國城市社區(qū)防災減災活動走上規(guī)范化、法制化道路，最終實現(xiàn)國家創(chuàng)新社會管理戰(zhàn)略的目標。 理論是一切研究的邏輯起點。文章首先從理論的維度對城市社區(qū)參與防災減災的正當性進行分析，其中所論及的“國家與社會理論”與“多中心治理理論”旨在解決社區(qū)作為自治單位為什么能夠承擔防災減災這項公共職能這一問題。其次，對目前我國城市社區(qū)防災減災相關立法規(guī)定進行梳理，通過對目前法律運行的實際效果剖析得出我國城市社區(qū)防災減災法律制度的困境有：城市社區(qū)防災減災管理組織機構法律地位不明確、應急預案制定率和有效性低、防災減災規(guī)劃制度缺失、災害風險評估調(diào)查制度實施存在障礙、社區(qū)減災側重預防而非全過程減災、公眾參與程度不高以及管理與考核制度缺乏有效激勵與制約。再次，擷取域外國家的先進法律制度經(jīng)驗，通過對美國、日本兩國相關法律內(nèi)容及典型制度分析，抽象得出其對我國城市社區(qū)防災減災法律制度建設的啟示主要有：加強立法建設、制定社區(qū)減災規(guī)劃、強調(diào)社區(qū)防災減災的公眾參與以及注重社區(qū)減災文化的培育。最后一部分是整篇文章的核心，本部分以立法為切入點，從明確城市社區(qū)居委會在防災減災中的法律地位、提高城市社區(qū)應急預案制定率與有效性、建立城市社區(qū)防災減災規(guī)劃制度、多渠道保障城市社區(qū)自然災害風險調(diào)查評估制度實施、建立城市社區(qū)災害應急處置與救援制度和災后恢復重建制度、提高城市社區(qū)防災減災公眾參與度以及完善城市社區(qū)防災減災管理與考核制度等七個方面提出完善我國城市社區(qū)防災減災法律制度的建議。
[Abstract]:Community disaster prevention and mitigation is the cornerstone of urban disaster prevention and mitigation. However, in view of the theory and practice of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in China, the urban community disaster prevention and mitigation is still in the initial exploration stage, especially the lagging of the construction of relevant legal system. It has seriously restricted the improvement of the level of disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities in China. Therefore, it is necessary to deeply study the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in our country, through combing the present situation and problems of the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation, and learning from the relevant experiences of other countries. This paper seeks to improve the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation, and then promote the urban community disaster prevention and mitigation activities to be standardized, legalized, and finally achieve the goal of national innovative social management strategy. Theory is the logical starting point for all studies. Firstly, this paper analyzes the legitimacy of urban community participation in disaster prevention and mitigation from the perspective of theory. The "theory of state and society" and "theory of polycentric governance" discussed in this paper are aimed at solving the problem of why the community, as an autonomous unit, can undertake the public function of disaster prevention and mitigation. Secondly, the current urban community disaster prevention and mitigation related legislative provisions are combed. Through the analysis of the actual effect of the current law operation, it is found that the difficulties of the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in China are as follows: the legal status of the urban community disaster prevention and mitigation management organization is not clear, the formulation rate and effectiveness of the emergency plan are low. The system of disaster prevention and mitigation planning is lacking, the implementation of the system of disaster risk assessment and investigation is hindered, community disaster reduction focuses on prevention rather than the whole process of disaster reduction, the degree of public participation is not high, and the management and assessment system lacks effective incentives and constraints. Thirdly, through the analysis of the relevant legal contents and typical systems of the United States and Japan through the acquisition of the experience of the advanced legal systems of foreign countries, Abstract its enlightenment to the legal system construction of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in our country mainly includes: strengthening the legislative construction, making the community disaster reduction plan, emphasizing the public participation of community disaster prevention and mitigation and paying attention to the cultivation of community disaster reduction culture. The last part is the core of the whole article, this part takes the legislation as the breakthrough point, from the clear city community neighborhood committee in the disaster prevention and mitigation legal status, enhances the city community emergency plan formulation rate and the validity, To establish a planning system for disaster prevention and mitigation in urban communities, to ensure the implementation of the risk investigation and assessment system for natural disasters in urban communities through multiple channels, to establish a disaster emergency management and rescue system for urban communities and a system for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, Some suggestions on how to improve the legal system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation in China are put forward from seven aspects, such as increasing the public participation in urban community disaster prevention and mitigation and perfecting the management and assessment system of urban community disaster prevention and mitigation.
【學位授予單位】：西南政法大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D922.1

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本文編號：2099380